Tradicijos: etnologų, antropologų metodologijos ir tyrimai

LTTradiciją galime laikyti viena plačiausi sąvokų. Tai graži tapatybės apibrėžimo ir raiškos galimybė. Lietuvos etnologijos diskursuose tradicija yra labai populiari sąvoka, siejama su etninės kultūros istorija. Tradicijos pinasi istoriniuose ir moderniuose etniniuose procesuose. Žinomos „išrastos tradicijos“. Naujausios mokslo diskusijos intriguoja kultūrinės tradicijos tyrimų istorija ir perspektyvomis. Etnografinių tyrimų duomenimis, Lietuvoje tradicijų apibrėžtys siejamos su šeimos gyvenimu, religinėmis ir kitomis šventėmis. Kyla klausimas: kokia tradicijos ir modernumo dermė šiuolaikiniuose tradicijos apibrėžimuose? Pranešime sieksime nagrinėti metodologinius požiūrius į tradiciją; teoriniai teiginiai bus lyginami su etnografiniais tyrimais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Etniškumas; Etniškumas, modernumas, postmodernizmas, tapatybė, tradicija; Modernumas; Postmodernizmas; Tapatybė; Tradicija; Ethnicity; Ethnicity, identity, modernity, postmodernism, tradition; Identity; Modernity; Postmodernism; Tradition.

ENIn different cases the scientists talk about traditions as historical phenomena, as a heritage in cultural transmission. The variety of the scientific ideas and issues we can see in research of traditions as object of social structures and peculiar places. All ethnologists and anthropologist in some aspects analyse the genesis, historical changes, practical features and exceptional traditions in the ethnographic regions and specific places. In Lithuanian ethnology and anthropology theoretical approach to concepts of traditions is not common. All scientists agree that traditions are changing, but disagree about the definition of this concept. So an actual question is to analyze how do change the theoretical discourses about traditions, how do these discourses intervene with ideas of modernism and postmodernism, what do the ethnographical researches show us about traditions. We raise the hypotheses that the concept of tradition is losing cultural peculiarities of concrete territory, but still have close connections with notions of ethnicity in Lithuania. We agree with the scientists who say that tradition is a varying well known and recognised concept describing the continuing historical phenomena. The constructive approach to tradition is most common in contemporary science. Scientists call the traditional society as „pre modern". The traditional society is an opposition to the modern society; tradition is an opposition to freedom. The historical rituals, material and immaterial objects we call as traditions in broad sense. In „post traditional" societies traditions change a lot. This phenomenon we can see in scientific discourses and ethnographic research. Lots of facts tell us that traditions are changing.One scientific opinion is close related with phenomena of ethnic history; another scientific opinion deals with interpretation or invention of new traditions. In Lithuanian ethnology most common opinion describes as traditional all material objects, cultural rituals, and recognised objects of cultural heritage, folklore, beliefs and etc. that were known as phenomena of the first part of 20th century. The boundaries of traditions aren't clearly defined in contemporary texts and ethnographic data. We can see lot points of view on concept of traditions in ethnographical research data. On the other hand, people define some boundaries of the traditions by the idea that traditions are disappearing from contemporary life. On the other hand, by saying that the traditions are disappearing people interesting tells about their family's traditions. In these cases the traditions are often defined as a new cultural phenomenon. The ethnographic research results are really distinctive in the point of view of Lithuanian people who agree that the traditions undoubtedly are the phenomena of the families and still have very close connections with the ethnic processes. [From the publication]