Teatro dalykas Lietuvos mokykloje: ryšiai su edukaciniu kultūriniu kontekstu

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjami dar gana naujo edukacinio reiškinio - maždaug prieš 20 metų į Lietuvos bendrojo ugdymo mokyklą įvesto mokomojo (pasirenkamojo) teatro dalyko ryšiai su edukaciniu kultūriniu kontekstu – egzistuojančia ilgamete vaikų ir jaunimo neformaliojo teatrinio ugdymo veiklos praktika. Teatro dalyko bendrosios programos parengtos pagal Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose susiformavusią dalykinio meninio ugdymo sampratą (angl. Discipline-based Art education). Be to, jos ryškiai atspindi į mokinių kompetencijas orientuoto ugdymo kryptį. Tiek savo paskirtimi, tiek turiniu, numatomais pasiekimais teatro dalykas skiriasi nuo neformaliojo teatrinio ugdymo veiklos. Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad, pasak M. Lukšienės, naujovės sėkmingai gali būti perimamos „tik pagal savąjį kultūros modelį" [20, p. 31], jas prisitaikant savo kontekstui, straipsnyje parodomi teatro dalyko bendrųjų programų ryšiai su šalies neformaliojo teatrinio ugdymo tradicijomis, bendrumai tarp vartojamų sąvokų, sampratų, nuostatų. Atskleidžiant teigiamas sąsajas su neformaliuoju teatriniu, vykusiu bendrojo ugdymo turinio atnaujinimu ir kūrimu, sukuriamos prielaidos įveikti teatro dalyko „svetimumo jausmą", paskatinti jo darnią integraciją į ugdymo praktiką, geriausių šalies teatrinio ugdymo tradicijų tęstinumą ir plėtojimąsi. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Mokomasis teatro dalykas; Dalykinio meninio ugdymo teorija; Ugdymo teatru samprata; Theatre subject; Based arts education; Education through art.

ENArticle investigates the rather new educational phenomenon – about twenty years ago under the impact of educational reform the theatre subject teaching was introduced. In many neighbours countries there is no such separate theatre subject still yet. The focus of the article is on the relationships between the curricula of theatre subject (2008, 2001) and the practice of long-lived non-formal education of children and youth of Lithuania. The curricula of theatre subject were prepared according to comprehensive disciplinearts education conception formed in United States of Amerika. Taking into account the notion of M. Lukšienė, that experience of other cultures, as well as the educational innovations must be adopted according to "own cultural model" [20, p. 31], the attention is payed to analysis how curricula of theatre subject are grounded on traditions of Lithuanian non-formal education, especially it's artistic trend. The self-expression paradigma or psychological trend of theatre education is less evident in our context. The roots of artistic trend are in Jesuit's school theatre that existed in Lithuania 1570-1843. The artistic trend was recreated at the end of 20th century in non-formal theatre education in Lithuania by relaying on the professional theatre pedagogy (the training of professional theatre pedagogues started, the first books of methology of theatre education appeared).Analysis showed that common concepts, as "theatre" and "education through theatre" are those which relate artistic trend of non-formal theatre education with curricula of theatre subject, accordingly, which are grounded on discipline-based art education conception. Especially that is clear from the revealing of content of "education through theatre" concept and explaining it's formative and cognitive impacts on children and youth who are acting the roles created by dramaturge. The biggest challenge related with coming of theatre subject as separate, is the creating of theatre knowledge appropriated for school children. Now the theatre subject curricula describe the knowledge which are known in professional theatre pedagogy and in artistic trend of non-formal theatre education, but only in part. They must be expanded by new knowledge which will be get by way of externalisation from direct practice. Also, there is a need of artistic orientation of theatre didactics - that can guarantee the succession of the best traditions of Lithuanian's theatre education and encourage their development. [From the publication]