Ūkio subjektų dalyvavimas profesinio orientavimo veikloje - reikiamų darbuotojų užsitikrinimo priemonė organizacijose

LTŠiuolaikinei Lietuvos darbo rinkai būdingos disproporcijos, kuomet esant vienų sričių specialistų pertekliui kitų sričių darbuotojų labai trūksta. Siekiant patenkinti ūkio subjektų poreikius bei įveikti disproporcijas darbo rinkoje, svarbus vaidmuo tenka profesiniam orientavimui, nes nuo profesijos pasirinkimo prasideda šiuolaikinės darbo rinkos ištakos bei formuojasi profesinės-kvalifikacinės darbo rinkos (gydytojų, inžinierių, mechanikų, vairuotojų, suvirintojų ir t. t.). Tačiau specializuotų darbo rinkų formavimas, disproporcijų įveikimas ir ūkio subjektų poreikio patenkinimas ir liks sunkiai įveikiama kliūtimi, jeigu sparčiai keičiantis technologijoms ir pačiam profesijų pasauliui, ūkio subjektai liks nuošalyje nuo dalyvavimo profesinio orientavimo veikloje. Tad atsižvelgiant į esamą padėtį darbo rinkoje, straipsnyje analizuojamas šiuolaikinės darbo rinkos funkcionavimas, darbo rinkos ir profesijos pasirinkimo sąsajos, atskleidžiamos profesijų poreikio prognozavimo spragos bei pagrindžiama ūkio subjektų dalyvavimo profesinio orientavimo veikloje būtinybė. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Profesinis orientavimas; Ūkio subjektas; Darbo jėgos pasiūla ir paklausa; Darbo rinka; Profesinis mokymas; Vocational guidance; Stakeholders of economy; Mismatch of workforce supply and demand; Labour market; Vocational training.

ENContemporary labour market of Lithuania contains big disproportions and assymetries of the workforce supply and demand, when the big surplus of workforce in some occupations goes in parallel with the important shortages of other specialists. Therefore even in cases of high unemployment employers still demand the Government permissions to recruit the missing workforce from the third countries and it concern not only high skilled, but also medium skilled specialists, such as truck drivers, welders, cooks etc. Practice also shows, that many people do not succeed to adapt to the changes of economy and technologies. These changes influence the structure and contents of the occupations and qualifications with the increasing speed and intensity. This situation in the labour market requires to search for the ways and measures on how to ballance supply and demand of workforce in the labour market. This paper provides analysis on the importance of vocational guidance for the solution of this problem by stressing the necessity of participation of enterprises and other stakeholders of economy in this process. These issues are analysed in the context of the functionning of labour market, relationships betwen labour market needs and choices of future occupation, labour market forecasting. After review of relationships between labor market and professional orientation it was determined that: there are direct connections between the labor market and professional orientation; the labor maket renders an important informative function about professional requirements, but professional orientation is blinded and cannot be effective if disconnected from market reqirements and its perspectives for further development; the labor market executes a controlling function on the perception of the one who chooses a profession.Reviewing the situation in Lithuania concerning the forecast of requirements for specialists it became apparent, that currently such conditions or approaches enabling those selecting a profession to make decisions compatible with market demands, do not exist. Furthermore, inferior quality of human resources management in organizations, poor strategic planning in business enterprises as well as absence of reliable instruments for forecasting, become causes of major distortions in the labor market. Considering the multiple relations among the professional orientation and human resources management one can make an assumption that it would be correct to include professional orientation studies into human resource management programs as well. Introducing such course under present conditions would be well founded. It would create a basis for assertion that having qualified and educated human resource management specialists would improve the planning of labor requirements in enterprises, speed up the creation of specialist requirements data base, and result in improvement of the quality of professional orientation itself. This would reduce the disproportion in the labor market as well as in supply and demand for it. The paper concludes, that vocational guidance must necessarity involve enterprises and stakeholders of economy, independently from their size and institutional status. [From the publication]