Ekonominių ciklų poveikis Europos Sąjungos darbo rinkos rodikliams

LTDarbe pristatomas Europos Sąjungos darbo rinkos rodiklių pokyčių, nulemtų skirtingų ekonominių ciklų, tyrimas. Analizei pasirinkti užimtumo, nedarbo ir darbo jėgos aktyvumo lygių, darbo sąnaudų, naujų darbo vietų skaičiaus rodikliai 2007-2012 metų laikotarpiu. Siekiant ištirti, kokį poveikį skirtingiems darbo rinkos rodikliams daro bendrojo vidaus produkto pokyčiai, tyrimas atliekamas vertinant trijų skirtingų laikotarpių šio rodiklio įtaką minėtiems darbo rinkos rodikliams. Tyrimas atliekamas dviejose šalių grupėse (pirmajai grupei priskiriamos senosios Europos Sąjungos valstybės, antrajai – naujosios Europos Sąjungos šalys). Atliekant tyrimą reikšminga priklausomybė tarp senųjų ES šalių nustatyta Belgijoje, Danijoje, Vokietijoje, Airijoje, Ispanijoje, Italijoje, Liuksemburge, Suomijoje, Jungtinėje Karalystėje. Patikimi ryšiai tarp BVP ir daugumos darbo rinkos rodiklių nustatyti visose naujosiose ES šalyse. BVP poveikio ES šalių darbo rinkos rodikliams analizė parodė, kad naujųjų ES šalių darbo rinkos rodikliai į BVP pokyčius reaguoja jautriau nei ES senųjų valstybių. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad darbo rinkos rodikliai skirtingai reaguoja į BVP pokyčius skirtingais laikotarpiais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Darbo jėgos aktyvumo lygis; Darbo sąnaudos; Ekonominis ciklas; Naujos darbo vietos; Naujosios ES šalys; Naujosios ES šalys, senosios ES šalys; Nedarbo lygis; Senosios ES šalys; Užimtumo lygis; Business cycle; Employment rate; Job vacancies; Labor costs; Labor force activity rate; New EU countries; Old EU countries; Unemployment rate.

ENIn global economy labor market becomes extremely sensitive to the changes of economic environment. Studies assessing the dependence between the economic growth and labor market indicators have found out, that the economic slowdown affects the various labor market indicators. Recent empirical studies have shown that the negative impact of the GDP decline on the unemployment, employment rates and other labor market indicators can be more significant, in the cases of emerg ing economies. Although, scientific studies have shown, that the economic downturn makes negative influence to labor indicators, and in the economic growth cycle the indicators are improving, but in today's economy, there are cases when the labor market indices do not coincide with classical economic theory trends. Firstly, economically strong and less developed countries are characterized by different response of labor market indicators to economic shocks. Secondly, some labor indicators changes discrepancies according to the GDP changes may start at labor market during economic shocks. Discrepancies usually start because of labor indicators lag or, conversely, are caused by the future expectancies of economic subjects. The influence of the business cycles on EU labor market indicators research results are presented in the article. EU employment, unemployment, labor activity rates, labor costs, job vacancies of the period 2007-2012 are analyzed. The research of the GDP influence on labor market indicators is made according three different periods of the GDP, in the purpose to find out, how fast changes of the GDP affects different labor market indicators. Research is made in two countries' groups: the first group consists of the old EU countries and the second group consists of new EU countries.During the research significant relationship between analyzed indicators in the group of old EU countries mostly is determined in the cases of Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Luxembourg, United, Kingdom. Statistically significant relationship between analyzed indicators mostly determined in all new EU countries. Analysis of the GDP influence on labor market indicators has shown, that the indicators of new EU countries react to GDP changes more sensitive, comparing to the old EU countries. The research also has shown, that different labor market indicators have tendency of changes, according to the different period of GDP changes. Tendency of employment rate changes according to the same period GDP changes verified in cases of sixteen countries. Analysis of previous, the same ant future period GDP change influence on unemployment rate have showed the least significant relationship cases comparing to all indicators. Small number of the cases determined hasn't let to mark GDP period influencing unemployment change the most. Research results let determine, that labor activity rate is influenced by the same period GDP changes and, according to the different countries cases, by future expectations of the economic subjects. Labor costs indicator is sensitive to the same period economical environment changes. This tendency is proved by the cases of Belgium, Spain, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, Bulgaria, Check Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Hungary, Malta and Slovakia. Job vacancies have direct relationship with change of previous or future GDP period, according to the different countries cases. [From the publication]

• Politikos mokslai / Political sciences
• Ekonomika / Economics