Erdvės užkariavimas: 3D technologijos taikymo galimybės ir problemos Lietuvos archeologijoje

LTTikslus vizualus trimačio pasaulio fiksavimas mokslo tyrimams visuomet buvo iššūkis. Plėtojantis skaitmeninėms ir lazerinėms technologijoms, atsirado naujų trimačių tikrovės modelių kūrimo priemonių. Šio straipsnio objektas yra trimatės technologijos (3D) taikymas Lietuvos archeologijoje. Straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti trimatės technologijos sampratą, taikomąsias galimybes bei problemas informacijos gyvavimo ciklo požiūriu ir pateikti praktinį šios technologijos taikymo pavyzdį Lietuvoje, moksliniame projekte „Lietuvos valstybės ištakos Dubingių mikroregiono tyrimų duomenimis“. Taikomojoje straipsnio dalyje pristatomas 3D nuskaitymo taikymas Jutonių (Dubingių) pilkapyje (Švenčionių r. sav.) 2011 metais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: 3D nuskaitymas; Archeologija; Archeologinis kraštovaizdis; Jutonių (Dubingių) pilkapiai; Modeliavimas; Mokslo istorija; Palaidojimai; Technologijos; Trijų dimensijų technologija; Trimatės technologijos; 3D scanning; Archaeological landscape; Archaeology; Graves; Jutoniai (Dubingiai) barrows; Lithuania; Modelling; Science history; Technologies; Three-dimensional technologies; Three-dimensional technology.

EN[...] Aim of the scientific project "The origins of Lithuanian state based on the research data in Dubingiai micro-region" is to justify the methodological model of archaeological objects on the three levels. The first level methods should be non-interventional as well as providing opportunities to acquire a reasonable amount of data from large territories by comparatively small expenditure of time and low expenses. The basic method on this level was 3D scanning, which is on one hand quite exact in fixating visible archaeological evidence on the ground surface (bumps, holes, dams) that is important for the future research, on the other hand it is quite a cheap way to scan large territories (when the device is equipped into the plane). After the analysis of the surface models accessible nowadays it became obvious that the data possessed in LiDAR databases are non-applicable to the analysis of separate objects of the archaeological heritage. However, they would still be useful for the larger territories, where the major scale is needed; they could be a good tool for the analysis of the terrain relief or implementing search of new archaeological objects. The LiDAR method is theoretically the best for the receiving of a more comprehensive digital model of the ground surface, however, the archaeologists of Lithuania have no opportunities to possess the service of minuteness needed at the moment. Thus, one of the affordable methods is over-ground 3D scanner. The Jutoniai barrows is proves that it is possible to make a topographical plan, with exactly mapped barrows and their attributes, using traditional geodesic measures, while the expenditure is similar to the method of the 3D scanner.Still, there is the main difference between the two methods, which is the minuteness and the quality of the surfaces generated. The over-ground 3D scanner provides with a number of dense points (pickets), which make the relief, interpolated from the point cloud provided, remarkably similar to the reality, while the results of traditional geodesic tools are much worse. So, the over-ground 3D laser scanner appeared to be the best measuring method providing with comparatively good results. The greatest drawback of the method is the lack of experience when deciphering point clouds or joining the points into meaningful planes. It is higly possible that in the future researches the collaboration of geodesists and archaeologists will bring good results and solve the problems we are facing today. The most obvious benefit of the 3D scanning is archaeological structure fixation and heritage preservation (archaeological heritage records, monitoring, heritage preservation planning). [...]. [From the publication]

• Archeologija / Archaeology
• Istorija / History