Karaliaučiaus bibliotekų aplinka Donelaičio laikais. Rinkinių likimas po 1945 metų

LTStraipsnis yra indėlis į intelektualiosios Kristijono Donelaičio biografijos tyrimus. Darbo tikslas – aptarti XVIII a. vidurio Karaliaučiaus bibliotekų aplinką ne tik kaip institucines, bet ir kaip intelektualiąsias Donelaičio studijų sąlygas, kurias būtina analizuoti nuodugniau, nei tai buvo daroma iki šiol. Pirmojoje straipsnio dalyje reziumuojamos Lietuvos, Vokietijos ir Rusijos mokslininkų pastangos po 1945 m. išgelbėti ir rekonstruoti per Antrąjį pasaulinį karą sunaikintus Karaliaučiaus bibliotekų fondus. Antrojoje dalyje pateikiama senojo Karaliaučiaus bibliotekų aplinka kaip komunikacinių galimybių erdvė, kurioje studentas Donelaitis galėjo rasti pagrindinę literatūrą. Iš šio konteksto kyla ir kitas klausimas, apie kurį straipsnyje tik užsimenama: be „viešųjų“ bibliotekų, Karaliaučiuje buvo dar ir daugybė asmeninių rinkinių. Keletas jų priklausė teologijos profesoriams, kurių paskaitas lankė Donelaitis. Todėl pagrįstai galima iškelti klausimą apie Karaliaučiuje dirbusių mokslininkų įtaką Donelaičiui studijų metais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Antrasis pasaulinis karas, 1939-1945 (World War II); Bibliotekos istorija; Donelaičio biografija; Karaliaučiaus bibliotekos; Karaliaučius; Kristijonas Donelaitis; Prūsija; Skaitybos tyrimai; Biography of Donelaitis; History of library; Konigsberg; Kristijonas Donelaitis; Libraries in Konigsberg; Prussia; Research in the reading matter; World War Two.

ENGreater part of Königsberg libraries that had formed since the time of Reformation were destroyed during WW2. The remainders of once abundant and especially valuable manuscripts and collections of old printings are mainly stored in libraries and archives of Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Germany, far away from Königsberg. The first information about the fact that Königs berg collections had not been totally destroyed was presented at the end of the war by Lithuanian scholars who participated in archaeographical expeditions to the former East Prussia in 1945-1946. Their goal was to save unique manuscripts of Lithuanian texts and rare prints stored in Königsberg before 1945. After the greater part of the funds of libraries had been destroyed during WW2, their catalogues became of great importance, and they were detected about two decades ago in the Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts in Moscow. The catalogues were made during the Seven Years' War, and they enabled exhaustive reconstruction of the collections of Königsberg libraries of the time of Donelaitis' studies at Albertina. The specific literature that Donelaitis used to read during his studies is not known; however, on the basis of the catalogues that have not yet been exhausti vely studied, one can identify the reading matter that was available for the that time students in the funds of the libraries.The most important intellectual impetuses were experienced by Donelaitis in Königsberg, in the centre of East Prussia. The libraries of Königsberg provided him with the knowledge that he used later as a rural priest and that must have affected his literary work. Moreo ver, for him, as well as for other students of the university cities, personal libraries of his professors must have been available. By going beyond the context of the history of libraries, it is necessary to specify which academic teachers or peers Donelaitis could have been grateful to for the meaningful impetuses that led him, a priest living far away from the cultural centre of Königsberg and from other that time communication, science, and literary centres, to the writing of his works of poetry. The prospective research faces significant challenges that shall be overcome by the collaboration of the researchers in the library science, lectology, and historiography, as well as philologists-experts of Donelaitis creative heritage. [From the publication]

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