Tarptautiškumo politikos iššūkiai Lietuvos aukštajam mokslui: konkurencija vs bendradarbiavimas

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama aukštojo mokslo ir studijų tarptautiškumo (internacionalizavimo) politika ir jos kaitos problematika bei tendencijos, išryškinusios naujų tarptautinio švietimo formų atsiradimą pasaulyje. Aptariami aukštojo mokslo ir studijų tarptautiškumo (internacionalizavimo) politikos tarptautiniai, globalizacijos ir ES Bolonijos proceso politikos nulemti kaitos aspektai ir prieštaringos raidos tendencijos. Dėl jų įtakos keičiasi nacionalinė aukštojo mokslo ir studijų politika. Atlikta Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo ir studijų tarptautiškumo politikos analizė leidžia apibūdinti pagrindinius iššūkius, su kuriais susiduria nacionalinė švietimo politika Lietuvoje studijų tarptautinimo srityje, ir kokių politinių žingsnių ir priemonių imamasi siekiant įveikti iškilusius sunkumus. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Tarptautiškumas; Globalizacija; Nacionalinė aukštojo mokslo politika; Tarptautinis bendradarbiavimas; Internationalization; Globalization; National higher education policy; International cooperation.

ENThe internationalization of higher education is not a new phenomenon. Its processes and developments are often treated as responses to globalization, and they are in the focus of attention of politicians and researchers. The aim of the paper is to analyse the internationalization challenges faced by the Lithuanian higher education. The higher education today cannot be viewed only in the national context. Since the restitution of independence, higher education and education in general have been considered to be a mainly national affair aimed at strengthening national culture and statehood. Under the impact of globalization and within the context of the European and global internationalization policy tendencies, the relationship between internationalization policy at an international (the EU and the Bologna process) level and a national higher education policy level is changing. The analysis of international developments shows that, besides student mobility, there appear new forms of internationalization: study programme mobility and institution mobility. There can be seen two paradigms in internationalization: competition and cooperation. On the one hand, the approach to internationalization in Anglo-Saxon countries shows that they follow a competitive policy trend,in which economic rationale increasingly becomes more important, and actually win the competition for providing educational services to foreign students.The cross-border higher education in Australia, New Zealand, for instance, represents an important source of export and profit. On the other hand, the EU and Bologna process promote the development of international cooperation and interculturalism. For the Lithuanian HE policy, both trends are real challenges difficult to follow. The policy of ethnocentrism set as a priorityis contrasting with the EU recommended policy of internationalization. Lithuania’s national Programme for the Promotion of Internationalisation in Higher Education, developed for 2008-2010, had as its main aim to improve quality and competitiveness. In the follow-up Programme, developed for 2011-2012, particular attention was given to cooperation through the promotion of Lithuanian and Baltic studies in foreign countries. In this way, the internationalization policy follows the EU -recommended trend and at the same time is used to strengthen the Lithuanian state and promotenational culture. [From the publication]