Ugdantis patyrimas J. Dewey filosofijoje

LTUgdantis patyrimas yra svarbiausias J. Dewey filosofijos dėmesio objektas. J. Dewey pagrindines savo idėjas suformulavo XX a. pradžioje, tačiau ir šiais laikais jos yra plačiai aptarinėjamos: diskutuojama apie šių idėjų, o ypač patyrimo, svarbą ir (pri)taikymą šiuolaikinėje mokykloje. Lietuvoje J. Dewey idėjos ugdymo kontekste yra mažai nagrinėjamos. Šiuo straipsniu, remiantis J. Dewey veikalais, siekiama išanalizuoti ugdantį patyrimą ir išryškinti teorinius mokymo(si) remiantis patyrimu pagrindus: ugdančio patyrimo sampratą, svarbiausius ugdančio patyrimo principus ir elementus, taip pat mokymo(si) per ugdantį patyrimą proceso ypatumus. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ugdantis patyrimas; Veikla; Refleksija; Sąveika; Tęstinumas; Educative experience; Action; Reflection; Interaction; Teacher.

ENEducative experience is the most important concept in J. Dewey’s philosophy. Even Although J. Dewey formulated his ideas in the beginning of the 20th century, they are still being widely discussed nowadays. However, in Lithuania, J. Dewey’s ideas are little analysed (Valatkienė, Aškinytė, Cibulskienė, Duoblienė) in the context of education. Therefore, the aim of this article is to highlight the theoretical foundations of teaching / learning through experience based on J. Dewey’s philosophy. T he article states that J. Dewey’s educative experience includes these principles: interaction and continuity, and these elements: action and reflection. Interaction between a child and the environment is the starting point of educative experience. The interaction happens in a continuous action which leads to the problem-oriented situation. The problem works as a stimulus for reflection. Within reflection, a child discovers the connection between action and consequence, solves the problem and gains new knowledge and skills. According to these notions, educative experience can be defined as a connection between doing and undergoing. This kind of connection depends on the situation and the previous experience and also influences the quality of future experience.J. Dewey did not present a model of learning process through experience. Thus, this article analyses the models proposed by D. Kolb (1984) and R. Miettinen (2010). Analysis of these models shows that R. Miettinen’s model more accurately reveals the learning process based on J. Dewey’s philosophy, although this article does not claim that the model of D. Kolb or other models are misleading. Learning through experience depends not only on the philosophy of education or its theoretical background. According to J. Dewey, the teacher’s role is pivotal, because the success of a particular learning process and its results lie in teacher’s creativity and ability to take full responsibility for it. [From the publication]