Jano Karlovičiaus indėlis į dialektologijos tyrimus. "Lenkų tarmių žodynas" - lūžio žodynas

LTStraipsnyje aptariamas Jano Karlovičiaus (1836-1903) indėlis į lenkų dialektologijos raidą. Didžiausią šio indėlio dalį sudaro autoriaus parengtas „Lenkų tarmių žodynas”. Veikalas buvo didžiulis lūžis lenkų tarmių leksikografijoje, be to, jis yra pirmasis visų tarmių žodynas ne tik lenkų, bet ir apskritai slavų kalbų plote. Karlovičius vertinamas ir kaip puikus mokslinės veiklos organizatorius. Mokslininko organizacinės pastangos geriausiai atsispindi Vilniaus valstybės istorijos archyve saugomoje medžiagoje, ypač laiškuose, kiek mažesniu mastu - Lenkijos archyvų medžiagoje. Ši medžiaga rodo, kad rinkdamas „liaudies dalykus" Karlovičius bendradarbiavo tiek su mokslo žmonėmis, tiek su tarmių, folkloro ir plačiai suprantamos liaudies kultūros mėgėjais. Straipsnyje, atsižvelgiant į Kazimiero Nitčo 1911 m. publikuotą kritišką „Lenkų tarmių žodyno” recenziją, taip pat aptariamas šio veikalo turinys ir tikslai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Dialektologija; Lenkų tarmės; Lietuvių tarmės; Leksikografija; Janas Karlovičius; Dialectology; Polish dialects; Lithuanian dialects; Lexicography; Jan Karlowicz.

ENPaper discusses the contribution of Jan KarJowicz (1836-1903) to the development of Polish dialectology, and presents the "Dictionary of Polish Dialects" as a major breakthrough in the Polish dialectal lexicography. Jan Karlowicz, who has been long fiercely, though unjustly, criticized as a linguist (lexicographer and dialectologist), is currently re-discovered and esteemed as an organizer of scientific life. Karlowicz's contribution to the research on dialects is much more serious than what it has hitherto been considered, and it involves an aspect of his work that has been scarcely emphasized and appreciated; namely, ethnographical and dialectological field studies that he initiated and organized. His organizational work is attested in the prolific correspondence preserved e.g. in the Lithuanian State Historical Archives. It exemplifies Karlowicz's co-operation with both professional scientists and laymen (enthusiasts of folklore, dialects and of broadly understood folk culture) as far as collecting "folk objects" is concerned. The majority of his co-operators worked for the ethnographical journal "Wisla" that was edited by Karlowicz, and wrote articles devoted to folk culture, as well as compiled dialectal dictionaries of particular villages or small regions. Thus, the Vilnius archives mirror vividly Karlowicz's work as an organizer and collector of information on both Polish and - what is important - Lithuanian dialects. His contribution to the Lithuanian studies and Lithuanian dialectology has hitherto been little acknowledged, nonetheless currently this aspect of his work is much more often pointed to. Undoubtedly, Karlowicz's major dialectological work is Slownik gwar polskich (1900-1911) [Dictionary of Polish Dialects] which has begun a new era in the history of the Polish dialectal lexicography.Though it still draws on previously published dictionaries, it can be described as a breakthrough project that marks the ending of the second period of the Polish dialectal lexicography and opens a new one. This conclusion is based on two features of Kariowicz's dictionary. Firstly, as compared to previously complied dictionaries, its content and source data are immense. Secondly, it's the first complete Slavonic dictionary (and actually the only one) covering all the dialects (except for the emigrant ones), although with a variable degree of precision. While many shortcomings of the dictionary have been pointed to from the day of its publication, it remains a valuable source of information on dialectal vocabulary. The paper discusses mainly the content of the dictionary, its sources, concept, methodology applied, as well as various opinions on the dictionary. [From the publication]