Prienų šnektos nosinių sonantų spektrinė charakteristika

LTRemiantis instrumentinio tyrimo duomenimis, straipsnyje analizuojamos rytinių kauniškių Prienų šnektos nosinių sonantų akustinės skiriamosios ypatybės. Aprašant tiriamųjų garsų spektrines charakteristikas atsižvelgiama į priebalsių formančių reikšmes ir energijos sklaidą (nosinių sonantų kokybinius požymius lemia formantės, tik jos ne tokios ryškios kaip balsių, be to, formančių skaičius nosinių garsų spektre dažnai daug didesnis, nes juos artikuliuojant papildomai dalyvauja nosies rezonatorius) bei į gretimų balsių kokybę, jų formančių (ypač F,) reikšmes bei trajektorijas ir struktūrą. Diferencijuojant [m], [ḿ], [n], [ń] ir nosinių gomurinių alofonų spektrines charakteristikas apžvelgiamos ir jų spektre susidarančių antiformančių reikšmės. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Nosiniai sonantai; Formantė; Antiformantė; Spektrinė charakteristika; Akustinės savybės; Nasals; Formant; Oral zero; Spectral characteristics; Acoustic features.

ENThe main distinctive spectral features of the nasals in the subdialect of Prienai have been investigated in the experimental study described in the present article. The obtained data suggest that the nasals can be distinguished from other sounds of the subdialect of Prienai on the basis of their set of acoustic parameters (formant structure) and transitions between it and the context vowel. Nasals are like vowels in that they can be characterized largely in terms of their formant frequencies (one of the main properties of nasals is a low first formant), but they differ in that the formants are not as loud as they are in vowels; besides, the nasals are made by blocking the sound from coming out of the mouth while allowing it to come out through the nose, and this affects the relative amplitude of the formants (both for consonants and context vowels). For example, the first two formants of that context vowel [a.] are very close together with the centre between them being at about 1000 Hz. Usually, the first formant of that nasalized vowels are weaker than the second due to the incidence of a nasal zero, and the third formant moves up if the nasalization increases or in case the vowel is fully nasalized. Since the main distinction between nasals during the nasal murmur is provided by the oral anti-resonance (oral zeros or anti-formants whose frequencies are determined by place of articulation), the nasal sonorants [m], [ḿ], [n], [ń] as well as nasal-velar allophones are characterized by the frequency values of the oral zero. The region of the oral zero was searched taking into account the length of the oral rezonator as well as the tongue configuration affected by the context vowel. The results show that the frequency of the oral zero differs because of articulatory habits and gender differences of the informants. [From the publication]