Karininkų profesionalumo ugdymo sistema Lietuvos kariuomenėje

LTStraipsnyje siekiama atskleisti Lietuvos karininkų rengimo ypatumus Baltijos regiono kontekste. Autorius lyginimui pasirinko Latvijos ir Estijos karo mokyklas, kurių veikla ir raida straipsnyje plačiai pristatomos ir lyginamos su Lietuvos karo mokykla. Šioje publikacijoje apžvelgiama visų trijų Baltijos valstybių karo mokyklų raida 1919-1940 m., siekiama parodyti kaimyninių valstybių karininkų rengimo sistemų panašumus ir skirtumus. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos problemos yra aktualios rengiant karininkus Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademijoje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Estijos karo mokykla; Karininkų rengimas; Latvijos karo mokykla; Lietuvos kariuomenė; Lietuvos karo mokykla; Lithuanian Armed Forces; Military School of Estonia; Military School of Latvia; Military School of Lithuania; Officer training system.

ENIn the period from the middle of the 19th century to the World War I, there were few Lithuanians willing to enter Russian military schools due to objective and subjective reasons, including Tsar’s mercy. Despite the eased situation after the revolution in Russia in 1905, Lithuanian Catholics’ admission to the General Staff Academy was still rejected, thus preventing officers from climbing the career ladder. Meanwhile, the situation in Estonia and Latvia was completely different for Protestants had no restrictions on attending the Academy and could make a career by getting commanding posts in the Imperial Russian Army. When the World War I began and the Russian Army lacked officers, in 1914 the restrictions for the Lithuanian Catholics were finally relaxed and mobilized students were sent to Russian military schools. In a period of 4-5 months of shortened courses they were commissioned as officers. Thus, many nationally-conscious Lithuanian students became wartime officers of the Russian Army. In 1918, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia announced their Declarations of Independence and when the formation of national armed forces began, the newly-established countries faced a lack of junior officers. Consequently, in the very beginning of the Wars of Independence, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia established military schools for preparation of junior officers. The first military school was established in Lithuania on 25 January 1919 followed by the Estonian and Latvian ones established on April 3 and September 13 respectively.The comparison of the schools’ development indicates that the Military School of Lithuania stood out for its originality, whereas the Military School of Estonia and the Military School of Latvia were similar. However, during the formation period the schools used Russian officer training system and teaching materials. In 1931, officer training was terminated in Latvia and Estonia, while Lithuania continued it uninterruptedly and gradually improved. The quality of officer training in Lithuania reached its heights in 1928 when the Military School of Lithuania caught up with the analogous foreign military schools by its improved officer training programmes and general officer education. [From the publication]