Skolintos leksikos pinklės

LTJaunimo raštingumui Lietuvoje dėmesio skiriama vis daugiau. Jis glaudžiai susijęs su gimtosios kalbos įsisavinimu, permanentiniu ugdymu, prasidedančiu mokykloje ir tęsiamu aukštosiose mokyklose. Straipsnyje analizuojamas studentų gebėjimas rasti ir taisyti leksikos klaidas, skyrium aptariama kiekviena nenorminės leksikos grupė – svetimybės, semantizmai, vertalai, hibridai. Pastebima, kad vieni nenorminiai skoliniai yra lengviau identifikuojami, kiti – sunkiau. Keblumų kelia kai kurie visuomenėje neįsitvirtinę skolinių pakaitai. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad gebėjimą identifikuoti klaidas ne visada lemia skolinių kilmė, ir parodė, kurioms skolinių grupėms turėtų būti skiriama daugiau dėmesio. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Hibridai; Leksika; Semantizmai; Svetimybės; Vertalai; Barbarisms; Hybrids; Lexis; Loan-translations; Semantisms.

ENAttention to the youth literacy is growing up in Lithuania. Literacy is closely related to the acquisition of native language, permanent education of it, which starts at school and continues in higher educational institution. In this paper it is analyzed the students’ ability to find and correct mistakes of lexis. The goal of this article is to view facility of the students of Mykolas Romeris University, Faculty of Public Security, to correct the mistakes of lexis. The object of research – 135 students‘ tests. Lexis is the fastest fluctuated part of language: part of the words appear, part of them disappear or exist long time. Change of lexis belongs on variation of realia of the life, coming new products and service, influence of foreign languages and so on. The lexis of specialists of law consists not only of specific expressions, terms, but is related with all lexis of Lithuanian in general. So there is discussed the features of every group of nonstandard lexis – barbarisms, semantisms, loan-translations, hybrids. Most of nowadays barbarisms are taken from English and part of them are well known for students. Slavisms like "fura", "fara", "papkė" are known like wrong words, but the given equivalents are not right. The worst known words are tems "rejestras", "barkodas", "forsmažoras", "legitimuoti", "impičmentas" and others, because these words are new for students and they could not associate them with realia of the life. Semantisms are the sliest group of mistakes of lexis, because it is difficult to notice the wrong usage of words meaning. But almost all students identify expressions "pravažiuoti į kiemą", "uždėti baudą" (but they were wrong identifying "uždėti muitą"), "prisilaikyti įstatymų", "sustatyti protokolą". It‘s interesting fact, the students can‘t understand wrong meaning of expressions ".The origin of the most of loan-translations are Slavonic, but it wasn’t the disadvantage to correct expressions "kaip taisyklė", "neužilgo", "apjungti bylas", "išpildyti planą", "nešti atsakomybę", "ant tiek", but words "iššaukti", "kas liečia", "kažkur tai", "principe" raised problem correcting them. Hybrids are words, which one wrong formant of composition conditions being nonstandard words. Difficulty of correcting words of this group is variability of correct equivalents. So the students recognize wrong words but couldn’t find the best equivalent. Summarizing the review, it is noted that some nonstandard loanwords are easily identified, others – more difficult. Problems are caused by not fixated alternative of loanwords in our society. The research revealed that ability to identify mistakes is not always determined by the origin of the loanwords, and showed which groups of the loanwords should be given more attention, especially for the legal terms. Their origin is Latin, so the students recognize them worse than loanwords from Russian or English. [From the publication]