Lietuvos konkurencingumo pokyčių vertinimas Europos Sąjungos šalių kontekste

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjamas Lietuvos konkurencingumas ir jį lemiantys veiksniai Europos Sąjungos (ES) šalių kontekste, remiantis Globaliu konkurencingumo indeksu. Straipsnyje analizuojama konkurencingumo samprata, apibūdinamas Globalusis konkurencingumo indeksas ir jo struktūra, aptariami konkurencingumą lemiantys veiksniai ir jų įtaka šalių ekonomikai. Sio straipsnio tikslas - remiantis Globaliu konkurencingumo indeksu, įvertinti Lietuvos konkurencingumo pokyčius ES šaliųkontekste 2008-2010 m. Atliktas Lietuvos konkurencingumo vertinimas ES šalių kontekste 2010m., įvertinami pokyčiai, lyginant su 2008 m., aptariamos pagrindinės pokyčių priežastys. Nustatyta, kad, lyginant su ES šalimis, Lietuvoje 2010m. konkurencingumo šaltiniais galima laikyti darbo rinkos efektyvumo ir aukštojo išsilavinimo bei apmokymų veiksnius. Lietuvos konkurencingumą ypač mažino rinkos dydis ir institucijų įvertinimas. Lyginant su 2008 m., Lietuva 2010 m. pagerino savo pozicijas tik technologinės pažangos, sveikatos ir pradinio išsilavinimo srityse. Visų kitų konkurencingumo veiksnių atžvilgiu Lietuvos įvertinimas ES šalių kontekste sumažėjo, ypač vertinant prekių (paslaugų) rinkos efektyvumą ir makroekonominį stabilumą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Globalus konkurencingumo indeksas; Lietuvos konkurencingumas; European Union; Global Competitiveness Index; Lithuanian competitiveness; Europos Sąjunga (European Union).

EN[...] The aim of this article is to assess the changes in Lithuania's competitiveness in the context of European Union countries in 2008-2010 by using the Global Competitiveness Index. The objectives are: to discuss the theoretical aspects ofthe competitiveness concept, competitiveness factors, and to reveal their impact on the economy; to compare the level of competitiveness of Lithuania and other EU countries in 2010 and evaluate the changes in competitiveness in these countries with reference to 2008; to assess the factors that led to changes in the competitiveness of Lithuania in 2008-2010. In this article the concept of competitiveness is analyzed, the Global Competitiveness Index and its structure are defined, and competitiveness and its impact on the economy are discussed. Based on the Global Competitiveness Index analysis of Lithuania's competitiveness and its factors was performed. Both in 2008 and 2010 Lithuania's competitiveness was below the EU average and the gap increased. Despite that competitiveness index decreased in 2010, Lithuania remained at the same position among the European Union countries (18th place) as it was in 2008. Results showed that, compared with the EU countries, Lithuania's sources of competitiveness in 2010 were labour market efficiency, and higher education and training factors. Lithuania's competitiveness was particularly reduced by the size of the market and the evaluation of institutions, as by these factors Lithuania is below the EU average. Compared to 2008, in 2010 Lithuania improved its position in technological innovation field (moved from the 21st position to the 17th among the EU countries), and in health and primary education field (moved from the 25th position to the 24th).As to other factors of competitiveness, Lithuania's position in the context of other EU countries has gotten worse, especially the evaluation of the product (service) market efficiency (down from the 19th to the 24th position) and macroeconomic stability (down from the 16th to the 20th position). [From the publication]