Etninių muzikos instrumentų gaivinimo sąjūdis Lietuvoje XIX a. pabaigoje - XX a. pirmojoje pusėje

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Etninė muzika; Gaivinimo judėjimas; Muzikos instrumentai; Muzikos instrumentai, etninė muzika, tradicinė kultūra, gaivinimo judėjimas, Lietuva; Tradicinė kultūra; Ethnic music; Lithuania; Musical instruments; Musical instruments, ethnic music, traditional culture, folklore movement, Lithuania; Revival movement; Traditional culture.

ENArticle deals with the problem of the evaluating process of the movement of reconstruction and revival ethnic musical instruments in Lithuania at the end of the 19th c. – the 1st part of the 20th c. This movement is being connected to the ethnical, political and cultural processes of Lithuanian Republic and became as one of the most important features of fortifying Lithuanian identity, preserving national features and integrating traditional culture to the European cultural space. This process has been supported by the famous Lithuanian leaders of culture and art and the main problems of reconstruction and using these instruments have been discussed in the Lithuanian press of interwar period. However reconstruction of traditional musical instruments and arranging them for performing new musical pieces on them awaited negative opinion proclaimed by distinctive composers from one side and researchers of folklore from another. On the composer’s opinion reconstructed ethnic musical instruments and limited – in comparison with academic musical instruments – its’ musical possibilities were not at measure time handy for performing a modern music created by these composers and usage of these instruments could be one of the most noticeably obstruction for integration of Lithuanian academic music and even musical culture to the European musical space. In the public opinion of folklore researches it has been stated that reconstruction of ethnic musical instruments and new musical pieces of its repertoire falsify the essence of the function of these instruments in the Lithuanian ethnic culture.Against the odds reconstruction of ethnic musical instruments did the important results and this process connected with the common features of the like movements of other neighbouring European countries. The string instruments kanklės (Lithuanian cittern) were modified since 1928, when the 15 string instrument was performed. Till the World War II these instruments became very popular in Lithuanian countries, towns and even cities and collective playing on them were as a rest time occupation not only for people residing in the countryside but even of the teachers, reverends, medics and other intellectuals. Model of Suvalkija (southeastern Lithuania) region traditional kanklės was founded for reconstruction and according to the later development this instrument had 22 strings and simple mechanism of changing the tuning of the strings. Wind instruments skudučiai (multi – pipe whistles) were adapted for performing not only traditional contra punctual polyphonic pieces of northeastern Aukštaitija (northeastern Lithuania) but even for playing a new repertoire consisting of dance music of European origin and like pieces. These instruments became very popular in the schools and were one of the most distinctive tools for fortifying national musical culture for young generation. Movement of reconstruction of ethnic musical instruments is being connected at the measure time as well with the adapting a literary language, which like the kanklės, was founded as well on the same Suvalkija dialect, and with the other processes of integration of Lithuanian people into modern Lithuanian nation. [From the publication]