Nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo tvarkybos ir statybos teisės normų konkurencija

LTPublikacijoje nagrinėjami Lietuvos Respublikos nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo apsaugos įstatyme ir Lietuvos Respublikos statybos įstatyme įtvirtintų teisės normų konkurenciniai aspektai, tvarkant architektūrinį ir urbanistinį paveldą. Atskleidžiama teisės normų taikymo specifika, analizuojant, kokios teisės normos ir kada taikytinos kaip lex specialis. Galiojantis kultūros paveldo apsaugos teisinis reguliavimas nėra aiškus ir nuoseklus – įstatymuose įtvirtintos sąvokos stokoja aiškumo, atskiros normos turi prieštaravimų, neatskirta kontroliuojančių institucijų kompetencija, yra teisinio reguliavimo spragų, o tai trukdo tinkamai tvarkyti architektūrinį ir urbanistinį paveldą, kelia teisės taikymo ir aiškinimo problemų. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos Respublikos nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo apsaugos įstatymas; Lietuvos Respublikos statybos įstatymas; Teisinio reguliavimo spragos; Law on Protection of Immovable Cultural Heritage of Republic of Lithuania; Law on Construction of Republic of Lithuania; Flaws in legal regulation.

ENIt is stated in the Law on Construction of Republic of Lithuania that construction is an activity, an objective of which is to build (construct, erect) a new or reconstruct, repair, demolish an existing construction. The definition also includes various constructional works regarding cultural heritage structures and construction inside territories of cultural heritage objects. Such definition of construction supposes a conclusion that statutory legal regulation of construction also subordinates management of cultural heritage. However, the legislator has stated a provision in the same law, that Law on Construction is not applicable in determining requirements for research of immovable cultural heritage, management of cultural heritage structures and associated procedures. These requirements are set by the Law on Protection of Immovable Cultural Heritage except for basic requirements for structures and researchers. The described legal structure determines specific legal regulation where management of architectural and urban heritage is regulated by different special rules of law at the same time. In the formal legal evaluation, management of cultural heritage is not an activity equal to construction: objectives and natures of these activities are different. In special cases, construction activities will be allowed in cultural valuables, territories and areas of protection of cultural valuables. Such activities will be subject to different regulation than that of management of cultural heritage, but they will be additionally evaluated according to objectives and imperatives stated in the Law on Protection of Immovable Cultural Heritage.Therefore, depending on the type of activity in cultural valuables, territories and areas of protection of cultural valuables, rules of law regulating management of cultural heritage as well as rules of law regulating construction activities will be applied as lex specialis. This supposes a specific competence (defined in the legislation) for public administration institutions which execute the control of such activities. However, the current legal regulation is not adequately balanced and it is necessary to clearly separate competences of institutions and remove gaps and inconsistencies of legal regulation. [From the publication]