Nacionalinės inovacijų sistemos koncepcija

LTNacionalinė inovacijų sistema (NIS) tampa išskirtinės reikšmės visuomenės pažangos instrumentu. Tai lemia besiformuojanti žinių ekonomika ir jos iššūkiai veiklos subjektams. Nepaisant išsamių studijų bei atskirų mokslininkų pastangų, iki šiol nėra suformuluotos aiškios sampratos apie tai, kokia turėtų boti NIS struktūra, kokios vadybos, ekonomikos teorijos geriausiai paaiškina jų esmę. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama NIS koncepcija, įvairių šalių patirtis, bandoma į šią sistemą pažvelgti iš skirtingų epistemologinių pozicijų. Daug dėmesio skiriama NIS sandarai, atskirų elementų ir procesų vaidmeniui. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Inovacija; Mokymasis; Nacionalinė inovacijų sistema; Nacionalinė inovacijų sistema, koncepcija, elementai; Žinių infrastruktūra; Innovation; Knowledge infrastructure; Learning; National Innovation system, concept, elements; National innovation system.

ENAs innovation is concerned to be the main engine of economic growth in the knowledge society, lot of recent studies in the field of management and economics are devoted to this phenomenon. The systemic analysis of the impact of innovations to the economic growth emerged as the concept of national system of innovations (NSI). Despite of continuously growing number of international studies devoted to the NSI, analysis of the concept shows the variety of views and analysis issues used by different authors. The authors of this paper are aiming to discuss the variety of views found in NSI studies and reveal the essence of the NSI concept. The epistemological issues and development of NSI concept is discussed in the paper with the aim to reveal the stages of the concept development, which led it to the current level of understanding. The variety of NSI definitions, drown by different authors, as well as the study of supposed elements of the NSI shows the dynamic and openness of the concept, but also leads to some important following conclusions. All the studies of NSI concept, despite the variety are using the same epistemology base, represented by the system theory, endogenous economic growth theory, evolutionary economy and institutional economy theories. The main features of the NSI are drown on the base of these theories. The common features of NSI are shown by the variety of institutions and interactions, path dependence and national specifics. NSI are concerned as the open systems centred on the interactive processes of learning and innovation.That's why the interactive learning and innovation are at the core of the current NSI studies. The definitions of NSI are stressing the importance of institutional and organisational set-up and interactions between them. The NSI definition is suggested to remain open to the certain extent because of the path dependence and importance of national contest. The main elements of the NSI are varying between different countries and authors, according to their analysis points and aims of studies, but the institutional set-up commonly is concerned as the one of the most important elements of the system. Including of other elements into the system depends on the NSI perception used. In general NSI could be defined in the narrow and the broad way. The narrow definition of NSI suggest the elements of the system, directly involved in innovation performance, while the broad definition is stressing the importance of different elements and subsystems to the performance of NSI, such as knowledge infrastructure, industry structure, national policies, demand conditions, and others, which have direct or indirect input to the innovation performance of the system. [From the publication]

• Vadyba / Management
• Ekonomika / Economics