Nacionalinės inovacijų sistemos perspektyva globalizacijos ir žinių ekonomikos sąlygomis

LTNacionalinės inovacijų sistemos, besiformuojančios žinių ekonomikos bei globalizacijos sąlygomis, tampa svarbiu nacionalinę gerovę ir subalansuotą plėtrą užtikrinančiu veiksniu, ir yra traktuojamos kaip vienas pagrindinių nacionalinio konkurencingumo formavimo instrumentų. Nepaisant gausių konkurencingumo studijų tiek inovacijų sistemų, tiek globalizacijos bei žinių valdymo kontekste, iki šiol nėra pakankamai aiškiai atskleista, kaip žinių ekonomika bei globalizacija įtakoja ir ateityje galėtų paveikti inovacijų sistemų, visų pirma nacionalinių, raidą, tiek konceptualiame, tiek taikomajame lygmenyje. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama inovacijų sistemų, globalizacijos bei žinių ekonomikos sąveika, ieškoma konceptualių sąlyčio taškų, atskleidžiami nagrinėjamų objektų tarpusavio ryšiai bei aptariami kai kurie iš to kylantys inovacijų sistemų valdymo aspektai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Globalizacija; Inovacijos; Inovacijų sistema; Nacionalinė sistema; Nacionalinės inovacijų sistemos, žinių ekonomika, globalizacija, perspektyvos; Žinių ekonomika; Globalization; Innovation; Innovation system; Knowledge-based economy; National Innovation system, Knowledge economy, globalization, perspectives; National system.

ENInnovation systems approach has dramatically developed since its introduction by Freeman (1987) and conceptualization by Dosi et al (1988). Studies in the field during the past decade show a variety of approaches and points of analysis which can be used to explain innovation issues and the processes within the system. The concept of innovation systems, initially applied in the national context, now finds its application in explaining innovation development on various levels of spatially or technologically bounded systems. In the case of spatially bounded systems, innovation systems and their performance can be analysed on a national, regional, or company level. However, current development of national economics and strong tendency towards internationalization of economic activities and processes demand attention to be paid to innovation processes at the supranational level. The analysis of technologically bounded systems aims to explain innovation processes and technological change dynamics within certain technologies, as well as clusterization of technological activities within certain regions. Traditionally, spatially bounded innovation systems approach tended to analyse vertical connections and processes within the systems, paying less attention to horizontal flows and interactions, whereas technologically bounded innovation systems approach offered analysis possibilities at the horizontal level with less regard to the innovation processes in spatially bounded systems. Those two approaches can be seen as supplementary and co-evolving while dealing with the complexity of innovation and technological change issues.However, the studies on spatially or sectorial bounded innovation systems haven't paid greater attention to knowledge management development, even recognizing its importance to innovation systems. While aiming to explain knowledge based growth, the understanding of explicit and tacit knowledge dynamics is crucial in explaining the future competitiveness of nations and firms within certain national borders. An absorptive capacity of the firm and system is becoming of the highest importance when general knowledge and main technologies are created, produced, and used globally. Despite obvious processes of globalization, the importance of localities and national innovation systems still remain. However, national innovation systems have to adapt to broader technological and innovative contexts, ensuring integration of national firms into global technological networks and supranational innovation systems. [From the publication]

• Vadyba / Management
• Ekonomika / Economics