Lietuvos sietynai XVII a. dokumentuose

LTStraipsnyje aptariami XVII a. Lietuvos bažnyčioms ir dvarų gyvenamosioms patalpoms apšviesti naudoti sietynai. Šie menkai išlikę taikomosios dailės kūriniai analizuojami remiantis bažnyčių ir dvarų inventorių duomenimis ir palyginimui nurodomi negausūs išlikę pavyzdžiai. Pristatomi lenkų ir lotynų kalbų terminai, kuriais XVII a. rašytiniuose šaltiniuose buvo įvardijami sietynai, aptariamos sietynų medžiagos, formos, skaičius ir kabėjimo vieta pastatuose. Siekiant suvokti tiriamojo laikotarpio Lietuvos sietynų formų ir puošybos ištakas, apžvelgiama Europos kraštų sietynų raida iki XVII a. pabaigos. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: 17 amžius; Bažnyčia; Dvaras; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Sietynai, Lietuva; Sietynas; 17 Century; Chandelier; Chandeliers; Church; Lithuaniai; Manor house.

ENThere are very little chandeliers survived from 17th century, in Lithuania. Few examples that reached our days can't show the whole panorama of chandeliers of 17th c. of Lithuania, therefore thorough analysis of written sources was initiated. The purpose of this article is to introduce the social prevalence and functioning of chandeliers: to find out where, how many and in which way chandeliers were hanging, what materials were used in manufacturing of chandeliers, how many brandies they had and what forms were custom for chandeliers of Lithuania in 17th c. In order to better understand the theme of article, development of European chandeliers to 17th c. is introduced in article as well. Different Polish and Latin words (korona/ corona, lichtarz / candelabra, jelenie glowa z rogami / cornibus cervini, swiecznik) that were used to describe chandeliers in written sources are introduced. They also show that various types of chandeliers existed: circular chandeliers reminiscent of a crown or wheel, whittled from wood in form of deer head with horns, orb chandeliers formed from decorated bars and one central stem having chandeliers. All these shapes were typical for Europe lands during 9-17th centuries. The records in documents showed, that chandeliers usually were hanging in the interiors of churches and houses of very rich people as noblemen and bishops. Meanwhile petty noblemen and citizens of Vilnius were using candlesticks. Numerous references of chandeliers in the inventories of churches in 17th c. let us know that usually there was only one chandelier in the church. Also that most often it was hanging in the center of church, sometimes in front of great altar. The majority of chandeliers in documents are named as "lichtarz wiszący" and probably chandeliers with one central stem were usually called by this term.Undoubtedly, must be said that 17th c. was the age of chandeliers made from brass. According references in documents, six, also eight or twelve branch chandeliers were most popular. To end with, valuable references of 17th c. documents showed that there were more various types of chandeliers than can be seen in Lithuanian museums or public interiors. Chandelier descriptions founded in the inventories revealed the basic information about chandeliers of Lithuania in 17th c., but also raised new questions and problems, which require new researches in future. [From the publication]

• Menotyra / Arts
• Istorija / History