Ekologinio ūkininkavimo plėtra ir perspektyvos Lietuvoje

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama ekologinio ūkininkavimo plėtra ir perspektyvos Lietuvoje. Pirmas ekologinės gamybos ūkis įsisteigė 1992 m. Nuo 1992 iki 2005 metų ekologinis ūkininkavimas Lietuvoje labai išsiplėtė. Ūkių skaičius padidėjo iki 1811, kur buvo ūkininkaujama 69 430 ha plote, tai yra maždaug 2,70 proc. deklaruotų tiesioginėms išmokoms gauti žemės ūkio naudmenų ploto. Lietuvoje ekologinis ūkininkavimas yra viena iš prioritetinių žemės ūkio šakų. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ekologinis 8kininkavimas; Ekologinis ūkininkavimas; Ekologinės gamybos ūkis; Plėtra; Development; Ecological farming; Farm of ecological industry.

ENThe extent of ecological agricultural industry in Lithuania has been constantly growing- in average 60 per cent each year. In 1997 106 farms of ecological industry have been certified. In 2004 this number grew to 1,178 farms, in 2005 it was 1,811 farms. In 2005 the area in which the certified ecological farms were operating was 69 430 ha which is approximately 2.7 per cent of agriculturally used area declared for reception of direct payment. Compared to 2004, the area of certified farms increased in 26 475 ha. An average industrial farm consists of 38 ha. Most certified farms are situated in the regions of Biržai (114 farms), Trakai (111 farms), Šalčininkai (92 farms), Ukmergė (91 farms) and Molėtai (83 farms). In the regions where ecological agricultural activity was not popular, the number of ecological farms has grown too. In 2004 in Jurbarkas region only 3 ecological farms were certified whilst in 2005 the number arrived at 24. In Kėdainiai region in 2004 there were 4 certified ecological farms and there were 22 of them in 2005. In Skuodas region in 2004 there were 2 certified ecological farms and in 2005 there were 12 of them. The greatest areas of certified ecological farming are found in the regions of Biržai (4 958 ha), Švenčioniai (4 254 ha), Šalčininkai (4 232 ha), Ukmergė (3 985 ha), Varėna (3 663 ha).Areas of certified ecological farms have been increasing significantly in the regions of Kėdainiai and Jurbarkas. In 2004 in the region of Kėdainiai 45 ha were certified, whist in 2005 they increased to 1 362 ha. In 2004 in the region of Jurbarkas 74 ha were certified and in 2005 there were 829 ha. With the increasing extent of ecological production, the structure of crop is changing. In 2002-2003 in the crop structure of ecological farms greens prevailed (37-49 proc), while in 2004-2005 in the crop structure grain and leguminous crops began dominating. They formed 48 per cent of total crop in 2004 and even 60 per cent in 2005. Such crop structure does not totally conform to the regulations of ecological farming and it should change. The changes in crop structure in ecological farms has been summoned by EU payments for ecological farming. In Lithuania ecological farming is one of the priority branches of agriculture. [From the publication]