Pensijų sistemų pokyčiai Baltijos šalyse

LTStraipsnyje analizuojamos daugiapakopės Lietuvos ir kitų Baltijos šalių pensijų sistemos. Apžvelgiamos pensijų sistemų problemos, nagrinėjami pensijų reformų pokyčiai. Lyginamosios analizės metodu atskleidžiamos Baltijos šalių pensijų sistemų vystymosi perspektyvos, pristatomi ir analizuojami naujausi Lietuvos pensijų sistemos reformos pokyčiai, jų įtaką kaupiančiųjų būsimos pensijos dydžiui. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Investavimas; Pensijų fondai; Pensijų reforma; Pensijų sistema; Socialinės problemos; Investment; Pension funds; Pension reform; Pension system; Social problems.

ENIn this paper authors analyse structure and changes in Baltic states pension systems. Pension reforms in the three Baltic states were implemented after year 2000, when Pay-as-you-go systems faced financial deficits due to demographic changes. The three Baltic states have taken different approaches to pension funds reforms - the structure of payments to 2nd pillar pension funds differ between the states, the payments to private pension funds were dramatically decreased during the period of financial crisis after 2007. Estonia the only one from the analysed states has undertaken the way to reconstruct payments to 2nd pillar pension funds and compensate the payments, which were canceled during the crisis. Latvia is still facing financial problems, though also started to increase payments to II nd pillar pension funds. Lithuania has started a new pension reform, according to the new legislation, which was passed at the end of 2012. Amendments of Laws allow all the participants of 2nd pilar pension funds to choose one of the three proposed options - to cancel payments to II nd pillar accounts, to remain with the minimal contribution from state social insurance fund or to make additional contribution from their income, receiving additional income from state budget. This system, according to the calculations made by authors, will help II nd pillar pension funds participants to increase their income in the retirement age. Though, as recent developments in the legislation show, it might be, mat the sustainability of the pension reforms (at least in Lithuania) will ruin once again, according to the will of politician. [From the publication]