Užstatymo erdvinių parametrų sąryšis tradicinėje miesto struktūroje

LTPateikiami empirinio tyrimo rezultatai: tyrinėtos penkių Lietuvos apskričių pagrindinių miestų centrinės dalys dviem laikotarpiais: miesto planas iki 1950-ųjų metų - paskutinis nuoseklios konkretaus miesto raidos dokumentas bei dabartinė esama būklė. Kvartalai analizuojami apskaičiuojant jų kiekybinius erdvinius matmenis, atskleidžiančius tradiciškai susiklosčiusį užstatymą kaip pastovų miesto aplinkos pamatą. Tyrimas atliekamas taikant grafinius analizinius metodus bei naudojant skaitmeninę geografinę informacinę sistemą (GIS), leidžiančius aptikti pagrindines tarpusavio sąveikos formų tendencijas ir rajono funkcines tankumo charakteristikas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Aukštingumas; Aukštingumas, Funkcinė Charakteristika; Centrinis rajonas; Erdviniai matmenys; Funkcinė charakteristika; Intensyvumas; Intesyvumas; Kvartalų plotas; Miesto aplinka; Miesto vystymasis; Morfologinis Tipas; Plotas; Tankumas; Užstatymo morfologinis tipas; Area; Bloc area; Central District; Density; Functional characteristics; Height; Intensity; Morphological Type; Spatial parameters; Spatial parameters of urban development; Town center; Urban environment; Urban morphological type.

ENIn modern times an urban environment has a very broad meaning, however, firstly it refers to the interconnection of a subject with the environment. Subjective assessment is insufficient for developing and maintaining a qualitative urban structure. In practical activity we often come across a requirement to preserve and foster the environment as well as to respect the historic built-up. However, from the theoretical point of view, the built-up of the environment is not always perceived as reciprocity of all spatial and non-spatial factors. Historic built-up has been formed on the basis of normative and regulated town-planning activity and private ownership. In this case, the needs of private owners are satisfied within the framework of special organizational measures applied within the limits of their land plots. The aim of the report is to present using quantitative parameters a historic (traditional) built-up of a territory as a stable basis of an urban environment. The spatial parameters of the town central district under analysis are interconnected (Figs 1, 2, 4) and form a system integrating several levels. These are blocks and buildings forming them. One of the levels making up the system includes such indicators as the total area and size of a block and the built-up density. A block is an element of the planned structure in the town centre and determines the parameters reflecting the area of built-up, its intensity, average height and functional characteristics. These indicators help to define the boundaries of the town centre. Another level of the historically formed built-up is connected with the development of the spatial structure and immediate formation of traditional blocks.In line with the objectives of the study and taking account of the periods of gradual urban development, the analysis covers the plans of 2 periods: the present-day situation and the last supporting town plan up to 1950-1960. The analysis subjects are block and their built-up indicators (Figs 3, 5, 6), which have a generalizing effect and correspond to morphological characteristics of built-up. Block parameters are studied depending on their arrangement in territories with different types of built-up density and functional organization. The study applies to the interconnection of spatial parameters in the centres of Lithuanian district towns. As to identification of centre boundaries, the existence of high indexes clearly singles out this territory. Likewise, the boundaries may be identified on the basis of the territory's morphological characteristics. Analysis of the interconnection among the spatial parameters of urban development was made applying semi-graphical methods enabling to determine the key trends in the development of interconnection of the form and functional and density characteristics of a block. The investigation was performed using GIS (Geographical Information Systems). [Text from author]

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