Šiuolaikiniai kooperatinės veiklos ypatumai

LTNors vienur kooperatinės bendrovės (kooperatyvai) (toliau – kooperatyvai) aprėpia didesnę, kitur mažesnę rinkos dalį, vienose šalyse vyrauja vienos, kitose – kitos paskirties kooperatyvai, skirtingos tradicijos ir istorinė patirtis, bet visose išsivysčiusiose šalyse kooperatyvų poveikis rinkai neabejotinas. Lietuvoje, kaip ir visame pasaulyje, vyksta globalizacijos procesai, kurie reikalauja naujo mokslinio požiūrio bei kūrybiško tradicinių žemės ūkio kooperatyvų principų įvertinimo. Šio darbo tikslas – pasiūlyti naujus sprendimus plėsti šiuolaikinių kooperatyvų veiklą. Buvo apklausti šalies ir užsienio ekspertai – kooperatyvų vadovai ir nariai, nagrinėta ir apibendrinta mokslinė ir kt. literatūra bei teisinė dokumentacija, atlikta įvairų ūkių ir kooperatyvų šalyje veiklos analizė. Pateikti kooperatyvų plėtros siūlymai grindžiami atsižvelgiant į globalizacijos metu vykstančius procesus. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Globalizacija; Kooperatyvas; Principai; Vystymasis; Globalization; Cooperative; Principles; Development.

ENThe globalization is being preceded in Lithuania and around the world, and because of this there is a need of a new scientific approach and a creative assessment of traditional agricultural cooperatives principles. The aim of this work is to suggest new solutions to develop contemporary cooperatives’ activity. There has been analyzed and summarized our country’s, foreign scientific and other literature together with a legal documentation, performed an analysis of varies farms and cooperatives in a country. Presented proposals are based taking into account current globalization processes. The study leads to the following conclusions. A cooperative currently has to be considered as an organization operating in other (which have another legal status) enterprises’ surrounding. During the globalization only such a cooperative will take proper place in the market, will be competitive and meet the needs of its members. However, in Lithuania from year to year a number of agricultural cooperatives remain broadly unchanged, and there are only 200-220 of them in the end of 2012. Cooperatives have a small share in an agricultural production market; only milk producers sell around 30 percent of their production through their cooperatives (which collect and process their production). Globalization increases a competition. There are operating huge corporations which process and merchandise agricultural production in the market. Therefore, cooperatives have to be very strong economically and competitively. It is believed that in the future such conditions will make cooperatives to have not only social but also economical motives.Cooperatives are being established and developed slowly because of various reasons: usually there are being established small cooperatives which cannot compete with large companies; there are not taking into account Lithuanian agriculture peculiarities (there is a huge number of small farmers next to few large ones); cooperatives are established and operate invoking old (traditional) agricultural cooperatives’ principles and a legislation, and an unconditional compliance has a negative impact on their development. It is expected that in the future in Lithuania traditional (small) cooperatives will be operating only in such areas, where is no need of high-tech manufacturing, many and highly skilled workers and specialists, i.e. where is no need of large capital. In addition to traditional cooperatives new vertical business integration derivatives – vertical business groups – will be more and more important. They will incorporate agricultural products’ producers (their cooperatives), refineries, financial and insurance organizations, research institutes, international trade organizations and others. By participating in large business groups cooperatives have to operate according to modernized principles: in order to attract more economically strong members, renounce an attitude "one member – one vote", and when creating statutes allow to create voting procedures by themselves; for individual cooperatives a classical cooperatives‘ principle "non-profit-making" may impede to have reliable partners, join associations, etc. (taking into account market conditions). "No profit" principle should be applied only to social cooperatives; to change legislation in order to empower cooperatives’ members to acquire stock which value is proportional to a scope of raw material (a cooperative’s member’s turnover from a cooperative). [From the publication]