Ekologinių ir pereinamojo tipo ūkių specializacijos, naudmenų struktūros bei žemės našumo aspektai

LTEkologiniuose Europos Sąjungos (toliau – ES) ūkiuose ariamoji žemė, pievos ir ganyklos sudaro apylygius plotus: apie 40 proc. užima augalai, auginami ariamoje žemėje, apie 45 proc. – daugiametės žalienos. Lietuvoje ekologinių ir pereinamojo tipo ūkių specializacija ir atitinkamai jų naudmenų struktūra išsiskiria iš kitų ES šalių: dominuoja pasėliai ariamoje žemėje, tarp kurių pirmą vietą užima maistiniai javai (daugiausia – žieminiai kviečiai), dominuoja augalininkyste besiverčiantys ūkiai. Tokia situacija susiklostė todėl, kad už ekologiškai auginamus javus buvo mokamos didesnės išmokos. Geresnė žemėnaudos ir ūkių specializacijos situacija sutinkama Vakarų Lietuvos ekologiniuose ir pereinamojo tipo ūkiuose, kurių žemės mažiau derlingos nei vidutiniškai Lietuvoje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ekologiniai ūkiai; Pereinamojo tipo ūkiai; Specializacija; Žemėnaudos struktūra; Žemės našumas; Ecological farms; Farms in transition; Land productivity; Land structure; Land use structure; Specialisation.

ENAim of this research is to identify and analyse the recent tendencies of farm specialisation, land use structure and distribution of land productivity in ecological farms and farms in transition in Lithuania. To achieve the aim the following objectives have been set: to analyse the situation with farm specialisation and particularly with ecological animal husbandry in Lithuania and its western part; to analyse the situation with land use structure and land productivity in ecological farms and farms in transition in Lithuania and its western part; to compare situation in Lithuania to that in Latvia, Estonia and other EU member states. The area of arable land and meadows and pastures is almost equal across organic farms in the EU: about 40% are covered by crops grown on arable land, and 45% by meadows and pastures. In Lithuania in 2009 crops covered almost 70% of certified ecological agricultural land, meadows and pastures occupied 20% of totai ecological farmland. Such a situation was due to higher payments for cereal plots, particularly for ecological wheat, since 2007. In 2011 slight increase in the number of ecological animal husbandry farms was observed, at the same time there was a decrease in arable land and increase in meadows and pastures. Estonia is the country with the greatest area under ecological farming (10% of totai agricultural land), where almost 2/3 of farms are mixed, keeping animals and growing fodder for them.Situation in the Western Lithuania is much better than the Lithuanian average: about 50-51% of ecological farms and farms in transition in Tauragė and Klaipėda counties, and about 54% of them in Telšiai County keep animals. That is why the land use structure in these counties is more balanced compared with other regions of Lithuania. Arable land takes 29%, and meadows and pastures 66% of the totai ecological agricultural land. The lowest land productivity is typical of ecological farms of Telšiai County (32.8). The majority are farms (63.2%) characterised by low land productivity index (less than 32.0). The average land productivity index for ecological farms of Klaipėda County was 33.7, which is still below Lithuanian average (39.1). In ecological farms of Tauragė County the average land productivity index was the highest (40.1). [From the publication]