Ekstradicijos dėl politinių nusikaltimų nevykdymo taisyklė ir jos alternatyvos

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama itin daug teorinių diskusijų ir praktikos problemų kelianti ekstradicijos leistinumo taisyklių - ekstradicijos dėl politinių nusikaltimų nevykdymo taisyklė. Autorius kelia abejonę nagrinėjamos taisyklės pagrįstumu ir argumentuoja alterna tyvios jai realizuojamų teisių sąlygos įtvirtinimo galimybes. Straipsnyje formuluojami teiginiai grindžiami ekstradicijos dėl politinių nusikaltimų nevykdymo taisyklės susiformavimo prielaidų, politinio nusikaltimo sampratų, ekstradicijos politinių nusikaltimų nevykdymo taisyklės alternatyvų analize. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ekstradicija; Ekstradicija dėl politinių nusikaltimų; Politinis nusikaltimas; Extradition; Extradition for political offences; Political crime.

ENThe acknowledges that the political offence exception analyzed in the article is one of the major deficiencies in the current regulation of the extradition both from theoretical and practical viewpoints. It has been unveiled in the article that the rule does not satisfy contemporary needs for extradition. First of all, the rule itself is not sufficient to guarantee that all persons facing political repressions in the requesting state will not be extradited. The doctrine based on proportionality test, while being the most elaborate, does not provide for enough assurances in that respect, because it does not involve considerations of legitimacy of charges against the person in the requesting state. Furthermore, the rule in certain situations precludes extradition of persons guilty of terror acts. Therefore it could be asserted that the rule of non-extradition for political offences is insufficient for the accomplishment of tasks that have been the main objects of its formulation: it does not provide for sufficient guarantees to persons proclaiming the ideals of democracy while precluding extradition of persons negating democracy itself. From the viewpoint of the author a reliable solution of the problem would be formulation of a new rule of implemented rights. The author proposes the latter rule as a prohibition of extradition of persons for acts that while criminal in the requesting state would be considered as an implementation of constitutional rights in the requested state with a condition that there were no legal ways in the requesting state for such an implementation. [From the publication]