Bylinėjimosi išlaidų atlyginimas įsigaliojus naujiesiems Civiliniam ir Civilinio proceso kodeksams

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama bylinėjimosi išlaidų atlyginimas civiliniame procese, pagrindiniai bruožai įsigaliojus naujiesiems Civiliniam ir Civilinio proceso kodeksams. Daug dėmesio skiriama bylinėjimosi išlaidų paskirstymui tarp proceso šalių pirmosios instancijos teisme pagal principą „pralaimėjęs moka“ ir bylinėjimosi išlaidų atlyginimo proporcingumo pagal patenkintus arba atmestus reikalavimus principui. Apžvelgiama, susisteminama ir įvertina teismų praktika, Lietuvos ir užsienio teisės doktrinos. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bylinėjimosi išlaidos; Civilinis kodeksas; Civilinio proceso kodeksas; Litigation costs; Civil Code; Code of Civil Procedure.

ENIndemnification of litigation costs in civil procedure is a property relation. In simplified manner it can be described like so: a party who is guilty for the litigation is obliged to compensate damage caused by raising and prosecuting a lawsuit and execution of judgment. At a first glance indemnification of litigation costs resembles tortious liability. Nevertheless in Lithuanian doctrine and judicial practice indemnification of litigation costs undoubtedly is ranked as a part of civil procedure. Procedural outlook stipulates deviation from the principle of full indemnification of damage and some other principles of tortious liability. Indemnification of costs in civil litigation performs several important functions. First of all it is intended for compensation of positive damage to the party entitled to costs recovery. Secondly, indemnification of litigation costs plays preventive role deterring from illfounded or exaggerated claims and unfounded replications. Thirdly, it can be used as a means to regulate procedural behaviour of parties. Lastly, indemnification of litigation costs in some cases embodies punitive elements, sanctions for procedural misbehaviour. Responsibility for the litigation costs traditionally is allocated according to the principle costs "follow the event", i.e. defeat usually means automatic obligation to pay the wining party's costs. Despite some other rules that are embedded in Lithuanian procedural legislation regulation of indemnification of litigation costs here is surprisingly inconclusive. Enactment of the new Civil Code brought more clarity to the indemnification of litigation costs. Paragraph 2 of Article 1.1 of the new Civil Code provides for subsidiary application of rules of the Civil Code to property relations that are governed by public law. In countries with continental legal tradition law of civil procedure is considered to be a part of public law.Therefore above-mentioned rule of the Civil Code should be applied to procedural relations as well. Questions of indemnification of litigation costs what are not resolved in the Code of Civil Procedure must be dealt with according to the rules set forth in the Civil Code. This means subsidiary mutatis mutandis application of tortious liability rules. Such method of gap-filling implies possibility to consider exemptions to the main costs indemnification rule basing them on assessment of carefulness and rationality of procedural behaviour of parties. Author of this article analyses judicial practice, evolution of Lithuanian and foreign laws and doctrines concerning indemnification of litigation costs. [From the publication]