Emigruojančio akademinio jaunimo socialiniai ryšiai formuojant darbo ir edukacinės paieškos strategijas

LTSocialinio kapitalo sampratoje socialiniai ryšiai išryškinami kaip suteikiantys naudingos informacijos, paramos, vertinami kaip faktiniai ir potencialūs ištekliai, racionalūs ar tikslingi veiksmai, individų normos ir vertybės, galimi kaip ištekliai tam tikrame socialiniame kontekste. Socialinių ryšių analizė, plačiai taikoma socialiniuose moksluose, vis dažniau pasitarnauja ir kaip metodologinė prieiga migracijos tyrimuose, nagrinėjant diasporas, transnacionalinius ryšius, migrantų tinklus. Lietuvoje ypatingai didelį susirūpinimą kelia jaunų žmonių, ypač aukštųjų mokyklų studentų bei absolventų emigracija į ekonomiškai pajėgias ir patrauklias šalis. Straipsnio tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti emigruojančio akademinio jaunimo socialinius ryšius darbo ir edukacinės paieškos strategijose, tiriant Lietuvos aukštųjų mokyklų studentų migracinę patirtį. Tyrime nustatyta, kad Lietuvos aukštųjų mokyklų studentai svarbiausiais socialiniais ryšiais darbo paieškos užsienio šalyse įvardijo tarpasmeninius (neformalius). Nors įdarbinimo agentūros yra kaip informacijos teikimo ir darbo, gyvenamosios vietos užsienyje žinių šaltinis, tačiau dauguma respondentų informaciją apie įsidarbinimo galimybes užsienio šalyse gavo iš artimiausios aplinkos (šeimos ir draugų). Studentai, pasirinkę mokymosi užsienio šalyse strategiją, kaip reikšmingiausius socialinius ryšius įvardijo institucionalizuotus, kurių svarba išryškėjo ieškant reikalingos informacijos apie mokymosi institucijas ir gyvenamąją vietą.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Akademinis jaunimas; Edukacinė ir darbo paieškos strategijos; Emigracija; Socialiniai ryšiai; Academic students; Emigration; Social ties; Strategies for job-searching and education-searching.

ENWhile being extensively applied in social sciences, analysis of social ties is increasingly more often invoked as a methodological approach in migration studies, when examining the diasporas, transnational ties and migrant networks. Interpersonal ties of migrants create a feeling of belonging, help them adapt and join a new society. Relationships based on family or kinship ties help the individuals to deal with the problems faced in everyday living; however, the key role of such relationships is to reduce different kinds of costs (financial, psychological) as well as risks associated with emigration. Institutionalised ties include relationships transpiring in the public space, which are invisible, but significant in the life of individuals: they enable the accessibility of material, information and other resources, whereas the function of the capital created through social ties is to create a network of interpersonal social relationships, which help achieving one’s economic or social objectives, or amplify the financial capital. The article analyses the importance of social relationships based on mutual trust between the emigrating individuals (in this case – academic students (of universities and colleges)), which is emphasised by the following problem questions: is the emigration experience of individuals affected by their ties with the family, relatives, friends, colleagues/acquaintances? How are the interpersonal and institutionalised ties rated in the strategies for searching of jobs/education of migrating individuals?.It was established that formal and informal ties help the academic students to find jobs in destination countries, but the latter ones, being more opened and encompassing a broader social circle, are more important. The support of family members, friends and relatives is more important to students aged 17-27 and studying in universities and colleges. In the opinion of respondents, friends are important players of the migration network and are rated as potential sources of support for those departing to work in the destination country. Their support is relevant to the academic students of Bachelor’s as well as Master’s studies; however, it is more important for those in graduate studies. Although the support of friends is similarly relevant to males and females, the relationships with family members, which are generally based on expectations of closeness, emotional intensity and help, are more important to female students than males. Analysing the emigration experience of students in the destination country, it was established that their interpersonal network (family, friends, relatives, colleagues and acquaintances) have little influence to their departure to work in a foreign country whether evaluating by age, gender or study level. Nonetheless, material conditions of living and salary operate as attracting factors in the countries of destination for students of different ages, males and females equally. The possibility to get employment according to the acquired speciality is not an important factor encouraging them to emigrate for work to a foreign country. Assessing the emigration intentions of academic students it was established that only one third of them plan to go working abroad (mostly, to European Union (EU) countries) for more than one year. [...]. [From the publication]

• Ekonomika / Economics
• Sociologija / Sociology
• Edukologija / Education