Kaimo situacijos pokyčiai - vienas iš svarbiausių iššūkių Lietuvos regioninei politikai

LTStraipsnyje, remiantis naujausiais statistiniais duomenimis, išryškinti esminiai socioekonominiai ir sociokultūriniai kaimo situacijos pokyčiai: naujos demografinės tendencijos, užimtumas ir nedarbas, gyvenimo kokybė, skurdo lygis ir migracija. Dabartinė Lietuvos kaimo situacija - viena aktualiausių regioninės politikos iššūkių. Nuo Nepriklausomybės atkūrimo kaimas išgyveno tokias permainas, kurių beveik neįmanoma palyginti su bet kurios kitos srities pokyčiais. Mažas investicinis kaimo gyventojų pajėgumas, menka perkamoji galia ir šiuolaikinių darbo rinkos reikalavimų neatitinkantis darbingo amžiaus asmenų profesinis pasirengimas stabdo šių vietovių ūkinės veiklos plėtrą. Globalizacijos procesai, ypač įstojimas į Europos Sąjungą radikaliai pakeitė kaimo vietovių vaidmenį. Todėl būtina atskleisti esminius kaimo pokyčius, į kuriuos galėtų atsižvelgti viešojo sektoriaus institucijos, dalyvaujančios sprendžiant kaimo plėtros administravimo klausimus. Straipsnyje analizuojami kai kurie pozityvūs pokyčiai neurbanizuotose arba žemo urbanizacijos lygio vietovėse. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Gyvenimo kokybė; Kaimas; Migracija; Nedarbas; Socialinė infrastruktūra; Užimtumas; Žemės ūkis; Agriculture; Decreasing role of agriculture in further rural development; Employment; Life quality; Management of social changes; Migration; Modern structure of rural inhabitants; Rural infrastructure; Social infrastructure; Village.

ENCurrent situation in Lithuanian rural areas is among the topical and extremely controversial social objects. During the recent seven decades our countryside had experience almost incommensurable with the situation in any another field of economical and social life. Week possibilities of rural inhabitants to invest, small purchasing power and inadequate professional background generally inappropriate for modern labour market are the biggest obstacles for further rural economic development. Globalization and Lithuania's accession to the European Union have a radical impact on the role of modern rural areas. This makes it necessary to disclose substantial changes in rural areas, which have to be analyzed by public institutions involved in administration of rural development. The latest data about demographical and economic situation, also about changes in rural infrastructure and life quality of rural residents is presented in the paper. In recent years Lithuania has experienced a decline in its population: by 14.8% in urban areas and by 10.4% in rural areas. However, because rural population comprises only one-third of people in Lithuania, the loss of human resources in rural areas is much larger: small towns and rural areas have lost a large part of young, skilled and creative professionals.More and more of rural population have to be retrained. Unemployment problem in rural settlements can be solved by active development of non-traditional agriculture and non-agrarian businesses. Steady systematic urban-rural partnership could lead to positive changes in rural areas. It could be materialized by establishing new industrial and service enterprises, as well as by building new settlements in little urbanized areas. Moreover, recreational and educational resources of rural areas should be used better. New opportunities for successful rural development can be created through implementation of microregionalization ideas, which can be expressed by use of local resources through creating effective agricultural zones, industrial districts, and new areas for relaxation and rehabilitation. Creation of youth settlements with modern infrastructure in the countryside may serve as an excellent example. [From the publication]

• Vadyba / Management
• Ekonomika / Economics
• Sociologija / Sociology