Investicinės paramos poveikis ūkių veiklos plėtrai

LTŽemės ūkis visiškai ar iš dalies aprūpina didelę dalį šalies gyventojų darbu ir padeda jiems išgyventi kaime. Todėl svarbu apžvelgti svarbiausias priežastis, kodėl parama yra būtina žemės ūkiui: dėl šios šakos specifiškumo, priklausymo nuo gamtinių ir kitų aplinkos sąlygų, nepalankios padėties gamybos grandinėje, sudėtingų, įvairių veiksnių sąlygojamų technologinių procesų, žmogiškojo faktoriaus ir kt. Straipsnyje analizuojami investiciniai projektai, kurie buvo įgyvendinami pasinaudojant investicine parama, pagrįsta paramos būtinybė bei įvertinta investicijų grąža ir kiti rodikliai. Pateikiami apibendrinti interviu su ūkininkais rezultatai ir finansiniai rodikliai, parodantys investicijų efektyvumą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Investicijos; Investicinė parama; Ūkininkai; Ūkių plėtra; Ūkių veikla; Žemės ūkis; Agriculture; Aid; Farm Development; Farmers; Farming; Investment; Investment Support; Investment aid.

ENArticle deals with the influence of the aid on development of agricultural activities. It clarifies why agricultural sector is one of the most important and integral components of national economy: because agricultural production constitutes the largest part of food products consumed in the country and this business field provides the industry with raw materials. Agriculture provides jobs for a large part of the population and helps them to survive the period of economic reforms. This article reviews the key reasons why agricultural activities need aid: because of peculiarity of this branch, its dependence on natural conditions and human factor, disadvantaged position in the production chain, complex technological processes dependent on various factors, etc. Investment projects ran to make use of the investment aid are presented. Their aim is to substantiate the need for the aid and to assess the investment return and other indicators of funds necessary for the proj ect and sources and deadlines of financing. The article points out the significance of the investment aid to agriculture and distinguishes the main aspects that show how the aid has affected the activities of farms in question. While discussing the concept of agricultural development it is pointed out that it evidences not only by increases in economic indicators of farms, but also by positive technological, social and ecological changes at each farm, which make positive influence on village people and environment and encompass gaining of new skills by farmers. To determine the influence of the aid on individual farms, an analysis of relative financial coefficients of three farms that had used the investment aid was made. This analysis has shown that the aid provided has positive effects on the farms: increases their net profitability and operational efficiency and reduces debt indicators.The aid contributed to greater returns on long-term tangible assets of the farm and substantial increases in updates to long-term tangible assets, which shows the level of modernisation at farm. Improving the farm activity indicators, the aid enables farms to satisfy the status of economically viable farms. An interview- based research was carried out to determine not only the economic effect of the aid on farms, but also the social, technological and ecological changes at farms. The interview involved questioning of three farmers who had used investment aid at least once. The results obtained on the basis of experts' answers are presented in the article. The research has made it clear that the investment aid has a rather great significance to agriculture, because the agricultural sector is not profitable and contains a great number of competitors. Farmers do not have enough funds to purchase new efficient machinery that would ensure high quality of their production and stable income for the farms as well, the investment aid for agriculture is not only important for economic indicators of farm activity, but it also improves life quality of village people, because more jobs are created and the aid stimulates improvement of qualification of farmers and farm workers, impels them to take courses related to agricultural activities. Workers improve themselves and learn by working with modern machinery purchased by using the aid funds. Besides economic and social changes, the investment aid also has effects on ecology, because farms must meet stringent requirements from the EU on chemical use, environmental pollution, etc. in order to receive the aid. All these aspects considered, the article draws a conclusion that agriculture needs state regulation helping this sector to remain competitive and successfully continue and even expand its activities. [From the publication]