Lietuvos neginkluotojo antisovietinio pasipriešinimo antrosios sovietų okupacijos metais ištakos ir veiksniai

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Disidentai; Ginkluotas antisovietinis pasipriešinimas; Neginkluotas antisovietinis pasipriešinimas; Neginkluotas pasipriešinimas; Partizanai; Pogrindžio spauda; Sovietmetis; Armed anti-Soviet resistance; Dissidents; Partisans; Soviet period; Unarmed anti-Soviet resistance; Unarmed resistance; Underground press.

ENThe subject of the study in this article is the Lithuanian unarmed anti-Soviet resistance and the factors that determined and supported the resistance during the post-Stalin second Soviet occupation (1953-1990). The study seeks to answer the question why, after the destruction of the armed resistance in occupied Lithuania and reconciliation with the inevitability of Soviet rule by the majority of its people, did the aspiration of some Lithuanian people, despite possible reprisals, to fight the occupational authority using peaceful methods, not fade during the entire period of the occupation, the author sought to determine the origins as well as the social and political inspirations of the unarmed anti-Soviet resistance movement and to discuss the dissemination of the ideas of the movement. The Lithuanian unarmed anti-Soviet resistance could be compared to a river, which began with partisan warfare. The essential twist that changed the direction of the current of the river was the Russian dissident movement, whereas the various currents of the Lithuanian unarmed resistance were tributaries of the river. The partisan warfare laid the foundation for the Lithuanian unarmed resistance. It helped to enhance methods for the dissemination of the ideas of the resistance, which led to the emergence of an alternative source of information in Lithuania along with Soviet propaganda.The partisan warfare also passed on the idea of Lithuania as a national state nurtured in 1918-1940 to future generations of Lithuanians and preserved the historical memory. Meanwhile, the Russian dissident movement gave a new form to the lurking desire of Lithuanian society to resist the Soviet system. It moved the Lithuanian unarmed resistance to a more universal track and filled the ideology of the resistance with the struggle for human rights in addition to the wish to restore the state of Lithuania, foster national culture, and combat restrictions on religion. The movement of Russian dissidents encouraged development of such new techniques of unarmed resistance in Lithuania as the writing of petitions and bringing the situation beyond the iron curtain to world attention by providing facts. This also made self-publication more active in Lithuania. Direct and indirect reasons for the Lithuanian unarmed anti-Soviet resistance during the second Soviet occupation can be identified. Direct reasons would include the partisan warfare which laid the foundation for unarmed resistance, the Russian dissident movement, the 1956 protests in Poland, the 1956 Hungarian revolution, and the 1968 Prague Spring as well as the return of political prisoners and deportees to Lithuania. [...]. [From the publication]