Švietimo organizacijų vadyba : etikos kodekso vaidmens interpretacija

LTEtika švietimo organizacijoje yra dažnai suvokiama kaip savaime suprantamas dalykas, kuris pasireiškia per kiekvieno asmens sąžinę, tačiau šiandieninei švietimo organizacijai to nepakanka. Daugelis švietimo organizacijų savo etines vertybes išreiškia per etikos kodeksus, todėl šiame darbe labiau gilinsimės į vieną iš etikos raiškų t. y. etikos kodeksą. Šiuolaikinė švietimo organizacija turi rodyti pavyzdį puoselėjant ir plėtojant bendražmogiškas vertybes ir etikos infrastruktūrą. Etikos kodekso galimi vaidmenys švietimo vadyboje analizuojami teorinėje dalyje, empirinėje straipsnio dalyje pristatomi interviu radiniai etikos kodekso tema su švietimo organizacijos darbuotojais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Etikos kodeksas; Švietimo organizacija; Vadyba; Code of ethics; Educational institution; Management.

ENEthics in the educational organizations is often comprehended as a natural thing which manifests itself through the conscience of every person, however, an educational organization should not confine itself only to this. Being the spawn of the intellectuals of the society, modern educational organization has to show an example by fostering and developing human values and the infrastructure of ethics. Many educational organizations manifest their ethical values by means of the code of ethics, therefore in this work one aspect of the manifestation of ethics, i.e. the code of ethics, will be explored more deeply. In order to analyze ethics in any given organization and its managerial activities, first of all it is necessary to discuss the notion of ethics that will be used in this article. When talking about ethics, clarification of the concepts associated with ethics is one of the most important things. The concept of ethics is often linked with other concepts such as virtue, morality, value, etiquette, etc. These concepts associated with ethics can be interpreted in many different ways. N. Vasiljevienė (2000) suggests classifying ethics as either descriptive or normative. According to the scholar, normative ethics includes etiquette, pedagogy of virtue, codes of ethics, and normative moral systems. Normative ethics is regulating, managing, and teaching us how the person should conduct him/herself (Vasiljevienė, 2000). An educational organization is understood in this paper as an organization that provides general and primary vocational education services as well as higher education. The functions of the educational organization are not different from any other organization.The code of ethics is designated as one of the criteria of the sample of the research, whereas a semi-structured interview with the employees of the educational organizations about the code of ethics is analyzed in the empirical part of this paper. Critical analysis of sources was applied for the literature review. Empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The topic of manifestation of ethics in the educational organization and its managerial activities was discussed with 16 research participants from four different educational organizations. The order of questions was flexible and depended on the course of the interview. Empirical data was processed by applying qualitative content analysis. The information provided by the informants was divided into major categories, and then into subcategories if needed. Finally, the data was interpreted, summarized, compared with the results of the theoretical analysis, and formulated into conclusions. In order to deeply analyze the chosen topic and achieve the set goal, this research study consisted of several stages. First, the scientific literature on the topic of the manifestation of ethics in the educational organization was analyzed and proper and needed material selected. Second, the most important concepts and definitions were selected, named and defined. Third, based on the theoretical analysis, the instrument was designed for empirical data collection. Before providing the questions (instrument) to the employees of the educational organizations, a pilot interview with experts was conducted in order to assure validity and reliability of the research. This research helped to come to the conclusions about: the ambiguity of the notion of ethics; the close relation between the code of ethics and management; the differences between the codes of ethics and behaviour, not excepting dual functions in the educational organization.The empirical part of the research revealed such facts about the code of ethics: the code of ethics is rarely available in the websites of the high schools or career education institutions; the employees of the educational organizations rarely chance on the code of ethics directly, however, despite this fact, it is very necessary, especially for those who work in the communicative and organizational fields. The existence, effect, necessity and use of the code of ethics are experienced by the informants not only through personal, but also through general practice of educational organization; the informants indicated that an ethical educational organization is such an organization which includes such essential aspects as personal internal culture, tolerance, respect, and community. [From the publication]