Biudžeto apribojimo koncepcija ir ūkių finansinis išsekimas
LTStraipsnyje pateikiama biudžeto apribojimo koncepcija, atskleidžiant biudžeto apribojimo sąsajas su ūkių finansiniu išsekimu. Ūkių ir kitų verslo organizacijų biudžeto apribojimai gali būti minkšti arba kieti, todėl straipsnyje analizuojamos biudžeto apribojimą minkštinančios priemonės (subsidijos, mokesčiai, kreditavimo sąlygos) bei minkšto / kieto biudžeto indikatoriai. Straipsnyje aptariamas biudžeto apribojimo koncepcijos aktualumas žemės ūkyje. Finansinis išsekimas atsiranda tada, kai ūkis negali įvykdyti įsipareigojimų, dėl to priverstas parduoti turtą, atleisti dalį darbuotojų, kreditoriai nebeturi perspektyvų atgauti investicijų arba atsiskaitymai su kreditoriais gali būti vykdomi komplikuotai. Biudžeto apribojimo koncepcijos pagrindu pateikiamos finansiškai išsekusių ūkių egzistavimo prielaidos. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Biudžeto apribojimas; Fermos; Finansinis išsekimas; Ūkiai; Žemės ūkis; Agriculture; Budget constraint; Farm; Financial distress; Financial exhaustion.
ENBudget constrained farm must bear its own costs of initial grant and income. If a farm fails to do so, when facing financial distress it cannot survive without outside help. The term “constraint” is interpreted as the liquidity, solvency or leverage boundary to the tolerable financial situation. The scientific literature generally considers two types of budget constraints: soft and hard. A budget constraint organization is limited to a hard budget constraint until it receives support from other organizations in order to reduce financial distress, and is forced to reduce the volume of business or cease operations if financial distress continues. The most common form of soft budget constraints occurs when the government fails to collect taxes, state-owned banks give loans at low cost or are unable to collect interest on loans. The purpose of government financial support is to maintain inefficient high level of work in order to avoid unemployment. Despite large expenditure for agricultural support in the European Union (EU), farms still go to financial distress. A farm which operates under hard budget constraint cannot for a large loss continue in its present form.Financial distress often occurs when a farm has chronic and serious losses and/or when it becomes insolvent with liabilities that are disproportionate to the farm’s assets. Bankruptcy is generally considered to be a negative phenomenon in the market economy, a macroeconomic and a social problem. A farm next door to bankruptcy cannot pay to creditors; it is forced to lay off workers, which results in increasing unemployment, increasing the need for public funds to pay various social benefits and job retraining resources. The financial failure of a farm causes substantial losses to its shareholders, economy and society as a whole. [From the publication]
