Seinų Švč. Mergelės Marijos Apsilankymo bazilika: dailės ikonografija

LTSeinų Švč. Mergelės Marijos Apsilankymo bazilika - vertingas, bet Lietuvoje beveik nežinomas, Lenkijos šiaurės rytuose esantis kultūros paveldo objektas, kuriame vykusiai dera renesanso, baroko, istorizmo elementai. Pagrindinis šio straipsnio tikslas - ištirti Seinų Švč. Mergelės Marijos Apsilankymo bazilikos didžiojo ir šoninių altorių, kitų vidaus interjero įrenginių struktūros, kompozicijos bei dekoro ypatybes, atskleidžiant pirminę bazilikos ikonografinę programą, taigi atsižvelgiant į laikui bėgant įvykusius pasikeitimus. Straipsnyje aptariama Seinų bazilikos istorinė raida; glaustai apibūdinami interjero erdvės ypatumai; išsamiai nagrinėjama jos daugiasluoksnė idėjinė programa, kuriai būdinga visumos darna; išaiškinamos idėjinės programos sąsajos su bazilikos fundatoriais ir perstatytojais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Altoriai; Altorius; Bazilikos; Bažnyčios; Dailė, sakralinė; Dievo Motina; Ikonografija; Ikonografinė programa; Ikonologija; Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė. Kingdom of Poland. Poland); Palenkė; Paveldas, architektūros; Paveldas, kultūros; Paveldas, religinis; Programos; Sakralinė dailė; Seinai; Seinų bazilika; Skulptūros, religinės; Altar; Art, sacramental; Basilica; Blessed Virgin Mary; Churches; Heritage, architectural; Heritage, cultural; Heritage, religious; Iconographic program; Iconography; Iconology; Lithuania; Sacral art; Sculptures, religious; Seinai; Seinai Basilica; Syllabus.

ENThe Basilica of the Visitation of The Blessed Virgin Mary in Seinai is a valuable object of cultural heritage in the north-eastern Poland, a unique monument of architecture and art of the renaissance, baroque and historicism periods. The interior and exterior of the church represent the common past and history of the two neighbouring nations - Lithuanians and Polish. The basilica is important not only for its architectural and artistic value, but especially for a significant historic value. This church, located on the territory of Poland, is little known and poorly explored by Lithuanian art historians. Basic written material about the basilica is available only in Polish, however, the church is described in a sketchy way and the information is mostly orientated to tourists. There is no research on architectural, artistic and historic-memorial value of this object of cultural heritage. There are few articles in Lithuanian; however, they focus on several different objects of the basilica in Seinai. In this article all objects of sacral art of the basilica in Seinai are viewed as one overall piece of art: the peculiarities of structure, composition and decor of the great altar, lateral altars and other interior elements of the basilica are analyzed and the overall primary iconographic programme is disclosed. Therefore, the explored object is the sacral art of The Basilica of the Visitation of The Blessed Virgin Mary in Seinai. The aim of the article is to reveal the iconology of art of the basilica in Seinai. Stylistic analysis and iconographic-iconological methods are used to achieve this goal. Undoubtedly, the historical context is important for the disclosure of the authentic primary iconographic programme. The first church in Seinai was built in 1602, but it was located in a different place than today's church. The second renaissance church was built in 1610 by Dominican monks settled in Seinai.The basilica gained the present shape after its reconstruction in 1760. After carrying out the analysis of the interior of the basilica the conclusion was drawn that the baroque style with rococo decoration elements prevails in the interior of the church. Most of the altars, paintings and details of the interior were created in the 18th century; the altars of the chapel of St. Jesus' Heart distinguish by their neoclassical shapes and the altars of the chapel of the Mother of God distinguish by their neo-renaissance shape. The oldest and the most valuable piece of art in this basilica is a miraculous opening gothic statue of the Mother of God. During the research it was identified that the authentic iconographic programme of the basilica, created in the middle of the 18th century, is deformed and inaccurate. However by carrying out the analysis of decor of the remaining sculptural and illustrational altars, as well as of other interior elements, and by learning about characters and plots of the previously existed paintings, the overall iconographic programme of the whole church was determined for the first time and the main themes of the iconographic programme were pointed out, which are: The Blessed Virgin Mary, The Church, and Saint Dominic. The choice of these themes was influenced by the Dominican Monastery, which functioned in Seinai in 1603-1805. The whole interior of the basilica and the Saints represented on the altars reflect the fundamental principles of life and spirituality of the Dominican Order, for which the guidelines were set by the founder of this order - St. Dominic. [From the publication]

• Teologija / Theology
• Menotyra / Arts