Marijampolės apskrities priesaginiai ir priesagėtieji oronimai

LTStraipsnyje tiriami praėjusio amžiaus ketvirtajame dešimtmetyje Marijampolės apskrityje iš gyvosios kalbos užrašyti autentiški priesaginės darybos kalnų vardai (oronimai). Tikslas – išanalizuoti šių vietovardžių derivacinį sufiksacijos būdą, kuris susijęs su toponimizacijos ir transonimizacijos procesais. Pagal tai ir išdėstyti straipsnio skyriai bei poskyriai, pateikiamos bendriausios išvados, parodančios tirtos vietovardžių klasės (subklasės) darybos specifiką: dažniausias pamatiniais žodžiais esančias leksemas, priesagų inventorių, jų produktyvumą, pamatinių žodžių ir darybos afiksų santykius, produktyviausius pasirinktų tirti arealo oronimų darybos modelius ir kt. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Oronimai; Pamatinis žodis; Bendrinis žodis; Tikrinis žodis; Asmenvardis; Names of hills; Etymon; Common word; Proper word; Personal name.

ENArticle analyses the suffixed names of hills (oronyms) recorded from the spoken language in Marijampolė County in the interwar period and reveals the characteristics of their derivation: the lexemes most commonly used as base words, the inventory of suffixes in use, their productivity, the relationship between base words and derivational affixes, the most productive derivational patterns of the oronyms from the selected area, etc. helping to find out the situation of hill names and their usage in the spoken language in Marijampolė County in the interwar period. In this way, the article does not only seek to continue the already initiated research of place names in the southern area of the Lithuanian language but also to supplement and expand the results of the research of the oronyms of suffixal derivation of the whole Lithuania with new place names and to explain their derivation and origins. The study of the oronyms of Southern Lithuania recorded from the spoken language in the interwar period mostly focused on the lexical character of their derivational base: the belonging of a place name to the class of appellatives or onyms. It has been determined that appellative makes up the derivational base in the case of over a half (~67%) of the oronyms under analysis. One third of oronyms (~28%) are formed from onyms: the absolute majority are derived from the lexemes of personal names (~99% of all hill names formed from onyms) and only one record testified the possibility of derivation from a different place name. It has been noticed that the parts of speech to which the common words, which are most commonly used as the derivational base for oronyms, belong are nouns (~91% of all place names under analysis derived from appellatives); adjectives (~6.5%) make up a small part, while other derivatives account for barely ~2.5%.The majority of noun derivatives in the area under analysis are formed from the names of various things and phenomena from nature and social environment – 45%. It supports the observation made in the previous research (of compound oronyms) on referring to higher spots in plain-dominated areas as hills. Apparently, each more elevated object of land relief in the southern area of Lithuania did not remain unnoticed and was called a hill; yet in other cases, more elevated places were rather often given names by resemblance or other external features, e. g. "Arbūzinis hill Vv, Bakaniùkas hill Vv, Kačerginė hill Lbv, Pečiùkas hill KzR", etc. Another part of derivatives (~31%) is formed from physiographical terms; of them, the most common in this area are beržýnas and kapinýnas. ~15% of oronyms can be traced back to animal names. Most common are adjacent forms containing "opšrūt-" and "apšrūt-", which show the relationship with "opšrùs, õpšras". The formation of noun derivatives from plant names in the area under analysis is the least common – ~8% of oronyms of this type were recorded. They are formed from common words obelis, grùčkas, drebulė, grikis, ievà, lẽpšis, vyšnià. In terms of the origins of derivational affixes, the oronyms from the area selected for the study were divided into the derivatives with the suffixes of Lithuanian (Baltic) origin and the oronyms with the suffixes of Slavic origin. The research revealed that the majority of oronyms (~98%) were formed with the suffixes of local origin -aitė(s), -elė(s), -elis, -eliai, -ėlė(s), -ėlis, -yčia, -ienos, -ikas, -ynas, -ynė, -inė, -inis, -iška, -išė(s), -iškis, -lius, -ninkas, -(i)ukai, -(i)ukas, -(i)ukė, -(i)ūkštis, -ūtas, -ūtai, -utis. There are barely 2% of derivatives with the suffixes of foreign origin -auka, -enka.The data from the questionnaires completed in the interwar period in Marijampolė County, most valuable in scientific terms and unaffected by external factors (land amelioration, collectivization, russification), supplemented the list of the Lithuanian oronyms of suffixal derivation recorded to this day by over 10 new hill names: Čeliepiškis, Dominykiškė, Dringlius, Dzingiškis, Lapkalnùkas, Mielienos, Kuslynas, Radùtinė, Ruslynas, Skerdžiškė, Tetukynė, Vókiečiškis, Ziglius, Zõjenkos, Zõmčiškės and several more. The research determined the derivational base and explained the possibilities of origins in respect of all of them. Therefore, the research did not only lead to a more precise evaluation of the situation of the usage of oronyms in the spoken language in the then Marijampolė County but repeatedly confirmed the relevance of the work done and highlighted the importance of local research. [From the publication]