Socialinių ir biomedicinos mokslų įtaka slaugos koncepcijos kaitai : filosofiniai ir socialiniai aspektai
LTStraipsnyje atskleidžiamas slaugos veiklos kompleksiškumas ir pagrindžiama biomedicinos bei socialinių mokslų įtaka slaugos vystymo procesui. Išryškinant slaugos sampratos traktuotę multidisciplininiu požiūriu, akcentuojami filosofiniai bei socialiniai slaugos aspektai. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize, atskleidžiama, jog slaugos modelis, kurio pagrindą sudaro tik biomedicinos mokslu grindžiami baziniai fiziologiniai poreikiai, nėra lankstus. Šio modelio kontekste visuomet lieka atviras klausimas: kaip slaugytojų mąstymas gali įtakoti jų santykius su pacientais pozityvia, etiškai teisinga linkme? Straipsnyje akcentuojama, jog slaugytojoms tikslinga „judėti“ nuo mokslinio slaugos įteisinimo link įteisintų slaugos sąsajų su socialiniais ir humanitariniais mokslais - antropologija, filosofija, sociologija, vadyba, edukologija i r kt., t.y. neapsiriboti siaura slaugos sąsaja su biomedicina. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Biomedicinos mokslai; Filosofinis aspektas; Filosofinis ir socialinis aspektai; Holistinis požiūris; Slaugos koncepcija; Slaugos samprata; Slaugymas; Socialiniai ir biologijos mokslai; Socialinis aspektas; Biomedical sciences; Care; Conception of nursing; Holistic approach; Nursing concept; Philosophical and social aspects; Philosophical aspect; Social and biological sciences; Social aspect.
ENNursing is an interaction of three elements: behavior of a patient, reaction of a nurse, and nursing interventions. A "clear" conception about the nursing is still missing; it has not been decided, what is more important: practice or theory. Practical skills are essential elements in nursing, however, we shouldn't ignore intellectual processes implemented in practice by nurses. This is the basis for efficiency in nursing. For more than two hundred years, concepts of biomedicine were considered to be at the backbone of nursing practice. But this model has its own limits, since illness is at the center of the pattern; the model is concentrated on the physical area and doesn't involve psychological, social, and spiritual areas. The practice based on the biomedical model leaves space only for physicians' decisions. A research problem has been based on the question: "Is the biomedical concept an exclusive model influencing holistic processes of nursing development?" Research object. The process of nursing development influenced by social and biomedical concepts. Nursing is not only practical, but also a scientific discipline with health being its object. Nursing is influenced by sociology, social Psychology, education, philosophy, theories of management and administration, anthropology of medicine, ethnology, ethics, economics, etc. The knowledge of those sciences enables nurses to solve problems on practical and scientific levels, it allows to apply different models into practice and to evaluate their effectiveness.The following conclusions could be offered: 1.Nursing as a practical discipline concentrates on people and is based on the perceptions of what is best for human beings. Nursing shouldn't be defined just as an obligation; as a matter of fact, this opinion forces nurses to "move" on the matrix principle. Nursing is an implementer of ethical principles and a pursuer of therapeutic relations in practice. The realization of holistic nursing influences nurses to develop their empirical, esthetical, personal, and ethical competencies. 2.A nursing model based on biomedical science isn't flexible, because there is still an open question unanswered: "How nurses' intellectual thinking may influence their relations with patients, which should be based on ethics?" Nurses should move from scientific legalization of nursing to legitimated relations between nursing and social and behavioral sciences, humanities, but not limit themselves on the relations between nursing and biomedicine. Biomedicine shouldn't be treated as an exclusive tradition, because one science and/or practice is not able to meet the needs of society and to solve the problems of full value. 3.The development of nursing practice and science has been influenced by three philosophical concepts: empirical standpoint and positivism, hermeneutic phenomenology, and critical social theory, ermeneutic phenomenology is an exclusive philosophical concept which has been influencing nursing practice on the basis of critical thinking, care, and attentiveness. The core of the nursing involves the concepts of holism, humanism and autonomy. Research aim. To expose philosophical and social aspects of the nursing concept and to ground the influence of social and biomedical sciences on nursing development. [Text from author]
