Bendros CIM

LTŠiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamos esminės teisinės problemos, kurios skatina sukurti bendrą vežimų geležinkeliais, kai vežimai atliekami tarp Europos Sąjungos ir Azijos šalių, reglamentavimą, ši analizė pirmiausia yra reikšminga Lietuvos vežėjams, nes Lietuva yra tranzitinė valstybė, kurioje gali būti taikomi du skirtingi teisės aktai - 1999 metų Vienodųjų tarptautinio krovinių vežimo geležinkeliais sutarties taisyklės (CIM) ir 1951 metų Tarptautinio krovinių vežimo geležinkeliais susitarimas (SMGS). Taip pat identifikuojamos naujai sukurto bendrojo CIM/SMGS važtaraščio teisinės problemos bei numatomi galimi teisiniai sprendimo būdai, kurie leistų užtikrinti vežimo teisinių santykių stabilumą bei tolesnę plėtrą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Vežimai geležinkeliais; Lietuvos vežėjai; CIM/SMGS važtaraštis; Vežimo teisiniai santykiai; Regulation of the rail transport; Lithuanian carriers; CIM/SMGS consignment note; Carriage legal relations.

ENThe International Rail Transport Committee (fur- the projects is to create common CIM\SMGS legal ther - CIT) at 2004 has prepared a project named system in Euro-Asian region. It is a fact, that one Interplay of CIM/SMGS in transport legal systems countries practice in their legal systems SMGS rules which is now developing further. The means of whereas others CIM rules. Therefore the carriers in Lithuania and carriers in other member countries (railway companies) confront not only with different legal regulations but also with requirements to transform carriage documentation entering different legal regulation (SMGS or CIM). Establishing common legal regulation system would help to simplify international transport carriage rules. Lithuania for its geographical and geopolitical situation is known as transit country which railway transport and infrastructure is used to transit international carriages for Europe or Asian entities therefore in this article author will analyze common CIMNSMGS legal system evaluation including the analyze of common CIM\ SMGS railway transport invoice and conditions of common invoice liability and practical implementation problems. The appearance of common CIMXSMGS invoice in international transport is determined by practical problems. Nevertheless, this legal instrument did not solved liability issues because the special conditions of common CIM\SMGS are not fully legible. Moreover, its provisions are not legally binding therefore allows for carriage subjects to follow old CIM or SMGS legal provisions and interprctate legal aspects differently.Harmonization of SMGS and CIM requires firstly harmonize SMGS legal provisions because its common opinion that CIM is accepted as more legible and modern legal regulation document of transport carriage then SMGS. The harmonization of the CIM\SMGS could be succeeded by replacing separate provisions of these legal documents. The harmonization process should be accomplished by unifying new CIMNSMGS liability regulation (new form of international act) which would allow to affirm more legible regulation and also to satisfy carriers and its clients' interests. According to the successful experience of other means of transport sector, it could be concluded, that unified new legal act would be most recommended solution for this legal issue. [From the publication]