Viešoji ir privatinė teisė: pamatinės klasifikacijos problemos

LTStraipsnio tyrimo objektas - sisteminė teisės skirstymo j viešąją ir privatinę problematikos analizė. Siekiant jos universalumo atsiribojama nuo specializuoto tam tikrų šakų ir institutų tyrimo, ir pasitelkiant praktinius pavyzdžius siekiama atskleisti klasikinio klasifikavimo nepakankamumą šiuolaikinėje teisinėje tikrovėje. Atsižvelgiant į nustatytą problematiką, aktualus tampa ne tik skirstymo galimybių, bet ir jo poreikio klausimas. Straipsniu nesiekiama pateikti atsakymo, ar tikslinga teisę skirstyti j viešąją ir privatinę, bet įvardijamos skirtingos vertinimo galimybės ir su tuo susiję potencialūs padariniai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Viešoji teisė; Privatinė teisė; Public law; Private law.

ENThe paper analyses the problematic aspects of the distinction between public and private law. Traditionally, some law areas are prescribed to the public law and the others to the private law. Nevertheless, such prescription is faulty as the classification becomes based on the regulation area but not on the regulation method and other criteria (such as aims of the norm, applicable procedure, etc.). The practical examples show that the line between areas regulated by private and public law is not constant and it is continuously changing. The movement of this line is usually a consequence of the state intention to extend the regulation (which causes expansion of public law area) and limited possibilities to do that (which causes private law intervention in traditional public law areas). These analyses not only show the problematical points of the classification but also allow to identify specific criteria that can be used when making the distinction between ius publicum and ius privatum. Research partially confirms primary hypothesis stating that classification is based on conditional criteria but still remains actual because of high practical and theoretical importance. While the first part of the hypothesis (regarding conditional criteria) causes no contradictions, the correctness of the second part (regarding practical importance) depends on classification criteria applied. [From the publication]