Lietuvos pramonės politika tarptautinio konkurencingumo požiūriu

LTPramonės konkurencingumas priklauso ne tik nuo susiklosčiusių gamybos veiksnių sąlygų, įmonių strategijos, struktūros ir sugebėjimo konkuruoti bei potencialių paklausos sąlygų. Pramonės įmonių sugebėjimą kurti ir stiprinti konkurencinius pranašumus lemia šalyje vykdoma ekonominė politika, skatinanti moksliną - techninę pažangą ir inovacijas, investicijas į mokslo tyrimus bei naujų produktų kūrimą, technologijos atnaujinimą, žmogiškojo kapitalo vystymą. Pramonės politika, skatinanti konkurencinės rinkos funkcionavimą, šalinant rinkos trūkumus, nesikišant į įmonių veiklą tiesiogiai, yra vienas svarbiausių veiksnių pramonės restruktūrizacijai ir konkurencingumui užtikrinti. Straipsnyje analizuojama Lietuvos pramonės politika tarptautinio konkurencingumo požiūriu, tiriamas konkurencijos, inovacijų, užsienio prekybos politikos ryšys su pramonės politika. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Konkurencingumas; Konkurenciniai pranašumai; Pramonė; Pramonės politika; Advantage; Comparative; Comparative advantage; Competitiveness; Industrial policy; Industry.

ENGlobalization and economic integration to EU has highlighted problems of Lithuanian industry and the whole economy competitiveness. Only internationally competitive industries are successful and powerful enough to increase their receipts and market shares it the long term. Competitiveness on international markets depends on constantly improving product quality, technology and higher production efficiency. Industrial policy is giving way to enhance the competitiveness of companies by improving general- framework conditions. Taking a broad perspective, almost any policy has some impact on industry and has industrial policy content, so industrial policy encompasses all policy measures that are deliberately meant to shape industrial structures. There are some policy fields, which fall into this definition of industrial policy: innovation (technology) policy; regional policy; foreign trade policy; competition policy. The case for industrial policy is based on the observation that markets may fail to stimulate firms to behave in the way that would be beneficial to economy as a whole. There are different cases of market failure barriers to entry; positive externalities; negative externalities; risk and uncertainty. Industrial policy should judge three problems: to reduce cases of market failure; for instance, then firms decrease investments in R&D because they fear that they will not be able to appropriate the results of their effort; to strength the factors that are the basis of competitive advantages and competitiveness; to manage structural adjustment.State intervention that stimulates and moderates capacity reduction in sunset industries, thus inhibiting a chaotic, overly destructive adjustment process. Porter's model is proposed as a framework through for Lithuanian Industry, Regional, Foreign trade, Competition and Innovation policies. To formulating a coherent industry policy of Lithuania is a highly complicated venture since there is a number of conflicts that are hard to resolve. Industrial policy must have a positive impact, its formulation takes place in policy networks, which are more transparent and have clearer defined rules. Lithuanian Industry Policy should aim at correcting market failure, particularly in the field of R&D and environmental damage, at strengthening specialized factors in industrial locations, and at managing industrial adjustment. In most industrial countries of EU the practical policy orientation has been competitiveness - promoting industrial policy, oriented toward correction of market failures. Government does not get involved in the activities of the companies directly, but rather it seeks to promote the functioning of the market by investing in education, research and infrastructure and promotion the flexibility of companies in the face of market changes. Lithuanian Industry Policy provides principal strategic operations, directs the creating of the most stable environment for business and production. Significant attention is paid to comparative advantages of creating and strengthening industrial companies and branches. [...]. [text from author]