Šiuolaikinės kriminalistikos taktikos samprata ir kryptys

LTStraipsnyje analizuojant kriminalistikos taktikos raidą įvairiose teisinėse sistemose, nagrinėjama nevienoda kriminalistikos taktikos samprata. Besivystydama kaip mokslinių žinių sritis, šiuolaikinė kriminalistikos taktika tapo sudėtinga ne tik teiginių, būdų, rekomendacijų sistema atliekant tyrimo veiksmus, bet ir apimanti ikiteisminio bei teisminio tyrimo organizavimą, planavimą, prevencinių priemonių parinkimą, edukacinių, organizacinių ir techninių priemonių įgyvendinimą. Straipsnyje taip pat nagrinėjamos svarbiausios šiuolaikinės kriminalistikos taktikos vystymosi kryptys, sudarančios prielaidas efektyviam ikiteisminiam tyrimui. Analizuojant šiuolaikinės kriminalistikos taktikos vystymosi kryptis, pateikiama autorės ir kitų mokslininkų įžvalgos dėl kriminalistikos taktikos ribų plėtimosi ir skverbimosi į daugelį mokslų, jos vystymosi perspektyvų ir įtakos ikiteisminio tyrimo veiklos efektyvumui. Straipsnį sudaro įvadas ir dvi dalys. Pirmoje dalyje analizuojant įvairias kriminalistikos mokyklas, nagrinėjama kriminalistikos taktikos samprata ir turinys, pristatomi įvairių šalių kriminalistikos taktiką apibrėžiantys terminai. Antroje dalyje analizuojama šiuolaikinės kriminalistikos taktikos vystymosi kryptys ir jų įtaka nusikalstamų veikų tyrimui. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ikiteisminis tyrimas; Kriminalistikos taktika; Kriminalistikos taktikos turinys ir kryptys; Vystymosi kryptys; Criminalistics tactics; Pre-trial investigation, criminalistics tactics, content and trends of criminalistics tactic; Pretrial investigation; Trends of development.

ENDifferent models of criminalistics in various countries determined a unique content and development of criminalistics tactics. Previous conception of criminalistics tactics was associated with a set of measures and methods to achieve certain purposes, usually pre-trial investigation, search and expert activities. Currently, the range of criminalistics tactics has expanded. Achievements of modern criminalistics tactics are closely related to the effective pre-trial investigation of criminal acts and judicial investigation. In the process of development of criminalistics as scientific knowledge, criminalistics tactics has become a complex of not only propositions, methods, and guidance system in the conduct of investigations, but also includes the organization and planning of pre-trial and judicial investigation, selection of preventive measures, implementation of educational, organizational and technical measures. In order to realize the trends of criminalistics tactics, it is important to analyze the ratio between forensic and criminal procedure, investigators’ qualification and competence, coherence and cooperation in their activity. In order to apply criminalistics tactics knowledge in the future, it is important to understand its content and usage of different concepts of criminalistics tactics. In the process of investigating criminal acts some effective measures and methods are used to define two key terms: criminalistics tactics and criminal investigation, however, the content of these concepts is essentially similar because it includes multi-complex effective measures in the process of investigation of criminal acts. The most important trends of modern criminalistics tactics are associated with the development of organization of pre-trial investigation. The aim of the research is to present the trends of modern criminalistics tactics through the analysis of conception and development of criminalistics tactics in different legal systems.The subject of the research is modern criminalistics tactics. The following theoretical methods are used in the present article: descriptive-comparative, historical, comparative and analytical-critical methods. Applying descriptive and comparative methods, the article describes and compares different conceptions of criminalistics tactics in the countries belonging to different legal systems, defines effective ways and means of investigating criminal acts, compares these different conceptions. The historical research method helps to analyze the development of criminalistics tactics, to understand changes in its content and development trends. Analysing modern criminalistics tactics trends the analytical-critical research method helps to assess criminalistics tactics impact on investigation of criminal acts. [From the publication]