Elektroninės erdvės saugumo ekonominiai aspektai
LTElektroninės erdvės saugumo ekonomika - nauja ekonomikos mokslo sritis, apimanti už ją anksčiau atsiradusias saugumo ekonomiką ir informacijos ekonomiką. Užsienio mokslininkai jau kuris laikas pabrėžia, kad kibernetinio saugumo neįmanoma pasiekti vien technologinėmis priemonėmis. Tai tarpdisciplininių studijų, kur ekonomika užima svarbią vietą, objektas. Daug šios srities problemų galima žymiai geriau paaiškinti ekonomikos kalba (viešosios gėrybės, informacijos asimetrija ir t.t.), o ekonominė logika sudaro prielaidas ribotus išteklius naudoti išmintingai, apsaugant individus, įmones ir organizacijas nuo kibernetinių atakų, bei pasirinkti optimalų investicijų į kibernetinį saugumą dydį. 2011 m. patvirtintoje pirmoje Nacionalinėje elektroninės informacijos saugos (kibernetinio saugumo) plėtros 2011-2019 metams programoje stinga dėmesio ekonominio pagrįstumo, mokslinio pagrįstumo ir teisėtumo principų sinerginei sąveikai, todėl investicijų į kibernetinį saugumą dydžio klausimas lieka atviras politinėms manipuliacijoms. Straipsnyje šios problemos svarstomos iš elektroninės erdvės saugumo ekonomikos taško, ieškant ekonominio pagrindo investicijų dydžio ir investavimo krypčių sprendimams. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Elektroniniai nusikaltimai; Elektroninė erdvė; Elektroninės erdvės; Elektroninės erdvės saugumas; Elektroninės erdvės saugumo ekonomika; Privati gėrybė; Saugumo ekonomika; Viešoji gėrybė; Cybercrimes; Cybersecurity; Cybersecurity economics; Cyberspace; Privat goods; Public goods.
ENAt the beginning of the Internet era to the four spaces of human activities (land, sea, air, space) was added the fifth - the cyberspace. The world economy loss about 388 billion US dollars annually because of cybercrimes. Cybersecurity has become an area of a particular importance – cyberspace becomes more and more vulnerable to cyber breaches. For some time foreign scholars have been arguing that cyber security issues cannot be resolved solely by technological or legal instruments, while many of the problems in this area could be much better explained in the economic language (public goods, information asymmetry, etc). National security and public safety, are the non competitive public goods, which are used by all citizens of the country. Since 2000, and especially after the terrorist attacks in 11 September 2001, representatives of rapidly developing branches of the economy - cyberspace security economics, security economics and information economics - are looking for answers to the four substantive issues. First - do cybersecurity could be considered a public good? If so, to which extent the State must produce it? What is the optimum ratio of this public good with the private one? How to deal with the issues of the externalities of the cyber security as a private good? The cybersecurity is the economic reality, the equilibrium point of it using economically justified costs and optimal investitions can be reached only in case when the production of the privat good and public one is well balanced. Its volumes depends on the number of cyber attacks. Otherwise the economic costs and the size of the investment is not optimal, and there is present a surplus trend. Cybersecurity has all the characteristics of a private good.However, the determinants of market mechanism - the inefficient public goods production, externalities, asymmetry of the information - and the lack of coordination of production between public and private goods of cybersecurity encourages underproduction trends of private goods, therefore, the economic costs and the size of the investment is not optimal. National electronic information security (cybersecurity) development programme 2011-2019 is dominated by focus on the technological solutions. There is lack of attention to the principles of economic validity, scientific validity and legality and to their interoperability. As it has been shown is this paper, these three principles form the interoperable complex, which has the synergetic effect. The most important principle is the economic validity, because it shall guarantee the development of research and innovation, shall guarantee the economic value of the scientific researches and of the legal framework, and also the optimal amount of economic costs and investment volume of cybersecurity. [From the publication]
