Powstanie Litwy Środkowej w 1920 roku

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Juzefas Pilsudskis; Lenkijos ir Lietuvos santykiai; Lietuvos ir Lenkijos santykiai; Vidurinė Lietuva; Vidurio Lietuva; Vilniaus kraštas; Želigovskio maištas; Central Lithuania; Juzef Pilsudskii; Lithuanian-Polish relations; Polish-Lithuanian Relations; Republic of Central Lithuania; Vilnius region; Zeligowski revolt.

ENAccording to the common stereotype, the establishment of Central-Lithuania in 1920 resulted from Polish aspirations to incorporate Vilnius into Poland. One can encounter such an interpretation of General Lucjan Zeligowski's deeds even now in Polish and Lithuanian literature. However, numerous facts prove that other causes resulted in the Polish march toward Vilnius in October 1920. As Polish State Commander, Józef Pilsudski, intended, the establishment of Central-Lithuania was to be the last chance to create a federation of states located between Russia and Germany. The new state, called Central-Lithuania, was to be formally erected. The name itself, suggested by Leon Bobicki, indicated the broad forthcoming plans. The land of historical Lithuania was supposed to consist of three cantons: Kaunas Lithuania (Lithuanian Republic), Minsk Lithuania (Belarus), and Central-Lithuania located between them, with its centre in Vilnius and majority of Poles. In future, the unification of whole Lithuania was planned together with the reconstruction of its multinational structure.The establishment of Central-Lithuania was supposed to be a small step forward. It was assumed also, that Kaunas Lithuania, the Lithuanian Republic, would not renounce Vilnius; therefore, it would be forced to seek some compromise with Polish inhabitants in Vilnius. Pilsudski's co-workers believed that Kaunas would easier negotiate with independent Vilnius than with Warsaw. The Great Vilnius-Kaunas Lithuania (future Vilnius-Kaunas-Minsk Lithuania) would have been a new quality in politics. The initiators of the concept considered themselves Lithuanian national Patriots. They emphasised the necessity of regaining the sovereignty by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to have partner relations with Poland. The supporters of the subjective theory of the state constituted the majority in the first Temporary Ruling Committee (Tymczasowa Komisja Rządząca - TKR) with Witold Abramowicz as its head. The Pilsudski's plans aiming at federation did not succeed due to the fact that the Republic of Lithuania rejected the idea of agreement with Central-Lithuania. Another factor was the attitude of majority of Poles hoping for incorporation of Vilnius into Poland. Already in 1921, Witold Abramowicz was dismissed and TKR became supervised by Warsaw. [text from author]