LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjami ekonominiai taršos mažinimo instrumentai Lietuvos energetikos sektoriuje. Didelis dėmesys skiriamas esamos aplinkosauginių mokesčiu sistemos trūkumams išryškinti. Straipsnio tikslas, remiantis esamos būklės analize ir naujausiais aplinkosaugos ekonomikos laimėjimais, pateikti konkrečius pasiūlymus, įgalinančius spręsti susidariusias aplinkosaugines problemas energetikoje ekonominiais metodais. Straipsnyje konkrečiai išnagrinėti CO2 emisijų mažinimo energetikoje klausimai. Pateikta detali ekonominių CO2 emisijų mažinimo instrumentų analizė. Išanalizuotos anglies mokesčio, energijos mokesčio bei prekybos taršos leidimais įdiegimo galimybės Lietuvoje, atsižvelgiant į Vakarų šalių patirtį ir naujausius šioje srities laimėjimus. Remiantis ES Mokesčių harmonizavimo pasiūlymu, įvertinta Lietuvoje veikianti akcizų naftos produktams sistema. Pateikti pasiūlymai dėl JT Klimato kaitos konvencijos įgyvendinimo priemoniii jeigu bus pasirinktas ankstyvo Ignalinos AE uždarymo variantas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ekonomikos įrankiai; Ekonominiai instrumentai ir priemonės; Ekonominė tarša; Ekonominės taršos mažinimo instrumentai; Lietuvos energetikos sektorius; Naftos produktai; Taršos mažinimas; Economic instruments are means; Economic pollution; Economic tools; Lithuania; Lithuanian power sector; Oil products; Pollution reduction; Tools of pollution reduction.
ENThis article deals with economic tools of pollution reduction in power sector. Environmental tax system operating in Lithuania is analysed in the article. The excise duties applied on fuels are compared with such duties available in El) countries. El) tax harmonisation proposal are reviewed. Lithuanian conditions and based on analysis described above proposals for the environmental tax system improvement in Lithuania are developed. Economic instruments are means of ecological regulation that reflect full costs of production and consumption of polluting goods in realtion to market prices. Environmental charges work indirectly to raise the price of goods, reduce demand and, consequently, the amount of pollution. The proposal for a Council Directive re-structuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products enlarges the scope of the Community minimum rate system beyond mineral oils to cover all energy products. This proposal is directly beneficial to the environment and also gives Member States an option to differentiate national taxes according to, inter alia, CO2 emissions. Lithuania, seeking EU accession, must prepare for the EU tax harmonisation. As one of the possibilities to improve environmental charges system in Lithuania the implementation of product charges on highly polluting fuels, such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) is worth considering. Product charges encourage greater utilisation of natural gas instead of HFO, because low price of high sulphur mazut does not create incentive to use natural gas. Increased price of HFO can help to promote natural gas as environmentally sound fuel. So, promotion of environmentally more sound fuels - natural gas, low sulphur HFO in industry and energy sector, oil products in the household and service sector, can be ensured by imposing higher excise duty on HFO and on middle distillates used as motor fuels. [From the publication]