Asmens autonomijos privačiuose susitarimuose ribojimo priežastys ir apimtis

LT2001 m. liepos 1 d. įsigaliojusio Lietuvos Respublikos civilinio kodekso 1.2 straipsnyje įvardijami „civilinių santykių teisinio reglamentavimo“ principai. Tarp jų randame ir sutarties laisvės principą, o 1.5 str. 1 dalyje nurodyta, kad „civilinių teisinių santykių subjektai <...>privalo veikti pagal teisingumo, protingumo ir sąžiningumo reikalavimus“. Tačiau šių bendrųjų principų turinys nėra atskleidžiamas, o sutarties laisvės principo pateikiamas siauras normatyvinis aiškinimas. Pristatoma asmens autonomijos, kuria remiasi sutarčių laisvės principas, ribojimo priežasčių ir apimties analizė padės privačių susitarimų sferoje taikant bendruosius teisės principus - praktiškai „įgyvendinant teises bei atliekant pareigas“. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Civiliniai santykiai; Privatūs susitarimai; Asmens autonomija; Sutarčių laisvė; Civil conduct; Private contracts; Individual's autonomy; Freedom of contracts.

ENFreedom of contract is relevant to transactions based on pursuit of gain. Psychological aspect of ones thrive to fulfil wishes and quest for benefit is discussed. The considerations of personal benefit are supported by internal, independent and moral based self restraint - self-regulation. The essence of which is to avoid the confrontation between established, accepted beliefs and implications of purported behaviour. Societies all around the world form the best known human associations - states. The state justification and creation theories will not be discussed herein, but an effort will be made to present a state as a structure which guarantees the stability of social relations. This view is based upon presumption that state is governed by self-regulation of separate individuals and the society as a whole. Also the role of a state in securing moral guidance within the society is discussed in brief as the relations between nonns of law and norms of moral arc revealed. The law will be shown as the ultima ratio. It demand attention as the person seeking to secure his/her commercial or other personal interest tries to avoid illegal consequences or actions. View towards law as external regulation factor should be dismissed in the sense that it is being created by the state to regulate the individuals' affairs. Even in civil law jurisdictions legal principles arc increasingly used as a basis for solving disputes between contracting parties. The principles stem from the practical and theoretical considerations of conflicting social and individual benefit issues, and of the interaction between the psychological and social elements of personal autonomy.Principles of prudence, honesty and justice are the limits of the principle of freedom of contract and, in their essence, the limits of personal autonomy. The reasons for limiting personal autonomy are the pursuit of effective administration of justice (external) and avoidance of conflicts between beliefs and public interest (implicit). [From the publication]