Užsienio investicijos ir regionų plėtra Lietuvoje

LTStraipsnis skirtas užsienio investicijų kaip vieno iš svarbiausių veiksnių, turinčių įtakos regionų plėtrai, pasiskirstymo Lietuvoje analizei. Straipsnyje išnagrinėti veiksmai, nulemiantys užsienio investicijų pasiskirstymą - darbo rinka, infrastruktūros plėtra, komunikaciniai ryšiai, viešbučių tinklas, sveikatos apsaugos institucijos, nusikalstamumas ir kt. Remiantis detalia Lietuvos apskričių socialinių ir ekonominių rodiklių analize, nustatytos užsienio kapitalui patraukliausios apskritys bei įvertintas investicijų pasiskirstymo šalyje modelis. Esamos būklės analizės pagrindu, nustatytos investicijų pasiskirstymo tendencijos bei pasiūlytos priemonės, įgalinančios pritraukti užsienio investicijas ir užtikrinti regioninę plėtrą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Regionų plėtra; Socialiniai-ekonominiai rodikliai; Užsienio investicijos; Lithuania; Regional development; Social-economic indices; Foreign investments.

ENThis article deals with the distribution of foreign investments and their impact on regional development. One of the main factors predetermining the regional development is foreign investment. The evaluation of development perspectives and prediction of further development require investigations and exhaustive analysis of current situation. The principles of territorial organization of state economy set the main objectives for regional development. Based on comprehensive analysis of social-economic indices of Lithuanian districts the most attractive for the foreign investments districts are determined. They are the western part of Lithuania, including Klaipeda region, Klaipeda City and Palanga resort, Mažeikiai district and Akmene district. Also for the foreign investor attractive is the central part of Lithuanian territory, including Kaunas city, Jonava, Kėdainiai and Kaišiadorys districts. In south-eastern part foreign investments are located in Vilnius City, Vilnius and Varėna districts. In these regions and cities we can define the biggest amount of foreign investments per capita.The main predetermining attractiveness for the foreign investments are the following: the political and ethnic stability, the conditions of capital movement, the banks system, developed infrastructure, crime rate, labor market, the quality of health care, the network of hotels, possibilities of communications, the former material basis, environmental situation etc. The trends prevail, that in Lithuania investments are put into already existing enterprises, where skilled labor force and material basis exist. At present the distribution of foreign capital not fully correspond the attractiveness of the certain sites, but to the arrangement of old enterprises. According to the attractiveness coefficients the most attractive is Klaipeda district and Klaipeda city. In order to ensure an equal distribution of foreign capital in Lithuanian districts a successful regional policy must be developed based on the experience of foreign countries. [text from author]