LTStraipsnyje analizuojami Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo nutarimai, kuriuose buvo vertinamos intelektinės nuosavybės teisės ir jų gynimą reguliuojančių ordinarinių įstatymų normų atitikties Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijai klausimai. Skiriamos kelios pagrindinės Konstitucinio Teismo pozicijos: dėl intelektinės nuosavybės apsaugos vadovaujantis teisės į nuosavybę nuostatomis, dėl kompensacijos kaip alternatyvaus žalos atlyginimui gynimo būdo taikymo sąlygų ir apskaičiavimo kriterijų, taip pat dėl prekių ženklų funkcionalios teisinės apsaugos paskirties. Konstitucinis Teismas savo praktikoje yra konstatavęs labai svarbius dalykus, reikšmingus intelektinės nuosavybės teisių apsaugai: intelektinės nuosavybės ir materialinės nuosavybės autonomiškumą, alternatyvių žalos kompensavimo būdų (pvz., kompensacijos vietoj nuostolių) numatymo galimybę atsižvelgiant į intelektinės nuosavybės teisių specifiką, prekių ženklų apsaugos tikslų įtaką teisių į juos apsaugos apimčiai ir turiniui. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Intelektinė nuosavybė; Intelektinė nuosavybė, prekių ženklų apsauga, kompensacija vietoj faktinių nuostolių; Kompensacija vietoj faktinių nuostolių; Prekių ženklų apsauga; Claiming actual damages; Compensation instead of claiming actual damages; Intellectual property; Intellectual property, protection of trademarks, compensation instead of; Protection of trademarks.
ENArticle focuses on the analysis of the main positions of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania in the cases of intellectual property law. In the article three judgments and the positions of the Constitutional Court extracted therefrom are analysed. The Constitutional Court has formed several important positions with reference to intellectual property law regarding usage of property protection norms for the protection of intellectual property, requirements of application of compensation as an alternative to damages compensation and the calculation of criterions thereof as well as functional legal protection of trademarks. It should be noted that Article 23(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania has extended protection to property and, as the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania has noted, the constitutional protection of property covers not only the protection of tangible, but also of intellectual property. In the same judgment, the Constitutional Court stated another important intellectual property related rule, namely that constitutionally established property protection rights have to be implemented regardless of whether a corresponding international treaty has not been ratified, as protection of authors’ rights is granted under Articles 23 and 42(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. However, the second position stating that the rights of foreign subjects are to be implemented even though a corresponding international treaty has not been signed is to be criticised as by coming to such a conclusion the Constitutional Court has ignored the otherwise generally recognised principle of territoriality of intellectual property rights. In two other cases the Constitutional Court has made important statements relevant to intellectual property law.First of all, the Court stated that compensation instead of claiming actual damages is constitutional. By analysing the positions formulated by the Court, an indirect conclusion can be made to the effect that compensation instead of claiming actual damages is necessary in order to ensure effective protection of intellectual property rights. In other words, the purposes of compensation can be recognised: restoring (compensating) the infringed interests of the injured party; simplifying judicial proceedings, whereby faster proceedings (litigation) and easier substantiation is sought; and the preventive purpose (strong preventive effect). However, the Court’s argument regarding the criterion of compensation calculation, saying that the damages incurred by the intellectual property rights owner depend on the sale value of the product concerned is criticisable, as it is rarely the case that the licence fee or profit acquired in the result of unauthorised use of intellectual property objects is calculated with reference to the final sale price of the product. Notwithstanding the arguably weak argument of the Court, the Court’s position regarding the criterion of final sale price itself does not preclude the possibility of reaching a fair final decision. Finally, the Court acknowledged that trademark protection was limited to the economic functions of the trademark and the full protection thereof. [From the publication]