Konstitucinės justicijos įtaka Lietuvos civilinio proceso teisei

LTTeisės doktrinoje vis daugiau kalbama apie įvairias konstitucionalizmo apraiškas. Tačiau daugelis konstitucionalizmo tyrimų apsiriboja Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos galios, joje įtvirtintų pagrindinių principų ir kitų nuostatų analize. Už tokios analizės ribų paprastai lieka ordinarinės teisės šakos (ne išimtis ir civilinio proceso teisė), kurių vystymuisi įtakos turi aukščiausioji teisė. Straipsnio autorės nuomone, tikslinga panagrinėti kai kuriuos konstitucinės justicijos įtakos aspektus vienai iš tokių teisės šakų – civilinio proceso teisei. Dėl ribotos straipsnio apimties nebus galima išsamiai aptarti tiek pačios Konstitucijos – kaip aukščiausios teisinės galios akto, veikimo civiliniame procese, tiek šiuo metu jau gana gausios Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo doktrinos šioje srityje. Todėl tyrimas apsiriboja atskirų tiesioginio Konstitucijos taikymo bei Konstitucinio Teismo doktrinos aspektų analize. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Civilinio proceso teisė; Konstitucija; Konstitucinė justicija; Teismo procesas; Teisė į teisminę gynybą; Civil procedure; Civil procedure law; Constitution; Constitutional justice; Legal proceedings; The right to civil defence.

ENThe extent to which the legal doctrine addresses manifestations of constitutionalism has been constantly growing. However, the majority of research in constitutionalism focuses on the analysis of the power of the Constitution and the fundamental principles entrenched in it whereas ordinary branches of law, including civil procedure, affected by the constitutional law remains outside the scope of a deeper analysis. The author of the present paper is convinced that certain aspects of the impact of constitutional justice on such branches as, in particular, civil procedure deserve deeper interest. The modest scope of the paper precludes an extensive analysis of the role of the Constitution as a fundamental binding Act and today’s abundant doctrine of Lithuania’s Constitutional Court in civil procedure. Therefore, the present paper is confined to an analysis of individual aspects of direct application of the Constitution and the doctrine of the Constitutional Court. The article analyses the power of the Constitution and its impact on the civil procedure as an Act laying down the fundamental principles binding the legislator in adopting procedural instruments and principles to be followed by courts and as a remedy for violations of rights or a tool to address loopholes and collisions of law.Courts of general jurisdiction perform the control of legitimacy of legal Acts by checking their compliance with the Constitution in individual cases and by applying to the Constitutional Court for repeal of anticonstitutional norms or by applying the Constitution as an Act of direct effect to eliminate loopholes, interpret statutes and deal with collisions of legal norms. The author believes that the fact that the courts of general jurisdiction frequently raise questions of incompliance of legal Acts with the Constitution and decisively apply to the Constitutional Court evidences a high level of legal culture and legal consciousness of the judges. That fact may also serve as a precondition for the growth of confidence in the judiciary as judicial procedures may contain no uncertainties as to the constitutionality of the statutes to be followed in litigation. [text from author]