Priežodinių palyginimų zoonimai : apibūdinamųjų išvaizda, būdas ir galios
LTStraipsnyje apžvelgiami Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos instituto (LLTI) patarlių ir priežodžių kartotekoje sukaupti lietuvių kalbos palyginimai su moteriškosios giminės zoonimais. Trumpai aptariamos pricžodinių palyginimų žanrinės priklausomybės bei apibrėžimo problemos, santykis su patarlėmis bei priežodžiais ir frazeologizmais. Glaustai aprašomi priežodinio palyginimo struktūriniai dėmenys. Pagal lyginamąjį požymį nagrinėjamieji zoonimai suskirstyti į semantines grupes. Kartu aiškinamasi, kaip palyginimo sandaroje atsispindi lyties veiksnys. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Frazeologija; Kognityvinė kalbotyra; Konceptualioji metafora; Konceptualioji reikšmė; Lietuvių pasaulėžiūra; Metaforos; Patarlės; Reikšmė; Semantika; Zoonimai; Cognitive linguistics; Conceptual meaning; Conceptual metaphors; Lithuanian; Lithuanian world-view; Phraseology; Proverbs; Semantics; Zoonyms.
ENThe author of the article analyzes Lithuanian proverbial comparisons, collected at the card catalogue of Lithuanian proverbs and proverbial phrases, preserved at the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore. Special attention is paid to comparisons containing names of female animals. Problems concerning the genre and definition of proverbial comparisons, their relation to proverbs, proverbial phrases and phraseological units are also discussed. In Archer Taylor's (1931) wake, Lithuanian paremiologists habitually use the term proverbial comparisons to define stable traditional comparisons, such as "cunning like a fox", "white as a swan", etc. Following the set practice of editing Lithuanian folklore publications, these traditional comparisons are included into indexes along with proverbial phrases. In the article the structural components of the proverbial comparison are described: what is being compared, to what it is compared and according to what common grounds the comparison is being made. Having analyzed ways gender is reflected in the structure of comparison, it becomes evident, that the names of female gender animals are most frequently used to describe humans, yet not necessarily women.According to the grounds of comparison, the analyzed zoonyms were divided into semantical groups. Thus it became clear that by comparing with female animals, various human features could be described, e. g. human appearance, character, mentality, behavior, etc. The most "proverbial-like" animals, which are rather few, have become sort o f paragons, symbols o f certain qualities, e. g., bee stands for diligence, mare – for bigness, owl – for ugliness, she goat – for obstinacy, etc. The proverbial comparisons are usually not only means of description, but also of evaluation. More often it is the negative attitude towards the compared ones that is thus expressed, along with negative view of the animal life. Explaining the background and motivation of such attitude, as well as tracing down origins of each symbolic comparison is far from easy, yet it is very interestingand important with respect to gaining deeper understanding of people's culture. [From the publication]
