Šiuolaikinė Lietuvos kariuomenė: kai kurie pilietinio ugdymo aspektai

LTPostmoderni visuomenė formuoja naujus karinio ugdymo tikslus bei uždavinius. Karininkų profesinis ruošimas yra neatsiejamas nuo jų akademinio lavinimo bei pilietinio ugdymo procesų. Šiuolaikinio kario pilietinė savimonė turi būti grindžiama maksimalistine pilietiškumo koncepcija ir postmodemios kariuomenės paradigma. Lietuvos kariuomenėje, kaip ir visoje visuomenėje pilietiškumo samprata yra paremta minimalistine koncepcija, t. y. formaliu požiūriu į pilietines nuostatas. Egzistuoja ir tradicinis požiūris į kariuomenės vertybių išskirtinumą bei jų supriešinimą su bendražmogiškomis. Tolesnis Lietuvos karininkų rengimo procesas yra neatsiejama šalies pilietinės visuomenės kūrimo dalis. Nors pilietinės sąmonės formavimas - ilgas ir sudėtingas procesas, tačiau pagrindinės Lietuvos žmonių, o tuo pačiu ir karių pilietinio ugdymo kryptys yra sąlygotos bendrų pasaulinių procesų demokratinių tendencijų. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Dorovinės nuostatos; Pilietinis identitetas; Pilietinis ugdymas; Postmoderni kariuomenė; Profesinis rengimas; Profesinės vertybės; Civic education; Civic identity; Moral values; Postmodern military; Professional education; Professional values.

ENThe objectives of military education are based on the requirements of post-modern society. Postmodernism is no period or era but rather a way of thinking and habits. Postmodernism is an age of globalisation, transnationalisation and internationalisation. Our society is cooperating and integrating by all these influences. Despite this positive fact the issues of national development, national identity and international cooperation become very actual at the moment. The key issue of post-modern age is the creation of civic society. By this point of view civic education is the most important aim for all society and for military forces in particular. The goals and the tasks of military education are determined by the requirements and circumstances of postmodernism. Now professional military studies are impossible without academic knowledge and civic education. Civic conscious of military person has to combine the conception of civic society and the paradigm of post-modern armed forces. The Post-modern paradigm of modern army forces has begun to stand for the military since the end of the Cold War and have big differences from the Modern and Late Modern paradigms. Post-modern paradigm means more volunteers in military corp., more multipurpose in mission, more human in make up and ethos, greater permeability with civilian society. Post-modern paradigm include new goals of military education: the role of combat leader have to be in harmony with the roles of soldier manager, soldier/manager, soldier/teacher, soldier/scholar and soldier/statesman. Civic education of militaries is one of the most important tasks for Lithuanian Army in present situation. The aims of civic education are depending on the post-modern civic conception. This conception covers four personal characters of conscious citizen: identity, civic virtues, political activity and social demands for civic efficient.These four civic signs have minimalistic and maximalistic explanation. By minimalistic point of view civic features of citizen can involve only their formal understanding (as formal having of civic rights, formal identity as passport, formal interpretation of such moral virtues as responsibility, loyalty, justice, ect. And formal participation in the elections). Post-modern society can't be limited by such minimalistic view. Post-modern age demands deeper understanding and meaning of civic principles. Scientific research project, Civic education in Lithuanian Military forces: development, experience, issues and settles for future is providing in Military Academy of Lithuania since 2003. The main aim. of this work is to ascertain civic maturity of Lithuanian cadets and the influences could make on their civic conscious. Also it was interesting to revise their point of view on such values of civic society as sexual, equality, national identity, personal characters of human - being and military person, ect. Annual testing of cadet's civic conscious are providing in Military Academy of Lithuania from 2003. The results of these tests acknowledged the same tendencies which were verified in earlier tests of Lithuanian's civic conscious. Most of the cadets just formally recognise main democratic values of civic society such as social duties, moral responsibility, equal rights, etc. It means the cadets need deeper understanding of the democracy and social processes in Lithuania and in the world as well. The big part of cadets (40,1%) is thinking that tolerance is one of the most important and valuable feature of human-being. But they didn't agree that this feature is needful for soldier (7,0%) and military leader (16,8%).These results of cadets' testing approved the main common tendency for all military forces: the cadets have strong sense of military values and traditions which are in some opposition with civil society. This point of view is based on the tradition to difference military profession from others what is not in agreement with needs of post-modern society and paradigm of military forces. The cadets' view on sexual equality in military forces has traditionally antifemale position. The cadets agree (58,2% of them) with the women's right and possibility to serve in the military forces but only 9,4% of them would like to serve under female leadership. This position is based on the same traditional old-minded understanding of military profession and is in argue with the post-modern military paradigm. In accordance with testing results the most part of cadets (62,4%) agree with the opinion, that "Native country is the place where I was born". It is the common tendency in social identity of Lithuanian society. Such kind of identification of the population could mean that Lithuanian civic society is forming on the local base. The professional activities of present militaries are global in many meanings: in geographical, in ethical, in political, ect. Global threats for postmodern world could be in disagreement with such identity of Lithuanian military person. Post-modern military methods, tactics and armament let militaries to avoid right contact with enemies. This circumstance could condition the devaluation of human values into the cadets conscious. The local civic identification represent by cadet's testing results could be the measure to such process as globalisation and dehumanisation and to modern army technologies as well. Civic conscious is shaping by the influence of many different and complex factors. It's very long and difficult process influenced by common global and democratic reasons of post-modern society. [abstract from au

• Politikos mokslai / Political sciences
• Vadyba / Management
• Edukologija / Education