Operatyvinės veiklos įstatymo raida žmogaus teisių apsaugos kontekste

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama visuomenėje ir akademiniuose sluoksniuose nuolat gvildenama problema – žmogaus teisių apsauga reglamentuojant operatyvinę veiklą. Iki šiol Lietuvoje atlikti tik pavieniai tyrimai, dažniausiai susiję su atskirų operatyvinės veiklos įstatymų priėmimu ir nagrinėjantys žmogaus konstitucinių teisių bei laisvių apsaugą operatyvinėje veikloje. Atkūrus nepriklausomybę, Lietuvoje buvo priimti trys operatyvinės veiklos įstatymai, kuriuos autorius straipsnyje nagrinėja lyginamosios analizės metodu žmogaus teisių apsaugos kontekste. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Operatyvinė veikla; Operatyvinė veikla, žmogaus teisės; Viešoji teisė; Žmogaus teisės; Žmogaus teisės ir laisvės; Human rights; Human rights and freedoms; Lithuania; Operational activities; Operational activities, human rights; Public law.

ENArticle deals with the problem of protection of human rights and freedoms from the perspective of operational activities, which is very widely examined, in public as well as in scientific research. For now there had been only few individual cases conditioned by various laws of operational activities and associated with the limitation of constitutional rights. After the reestablishment of Lithuanian Independence, there have been 3 versions of the Law of Operational Activities passed, which are examined in the article by the method of comparative analysis from the point of view of human rights. Crime not only breaks the most essential human rights, but also has a negative influence on the society as well as on the nation. That is why the social and economical maturity and the level of democracy are the conditions for one of the main obligations of the country, which is to prevent crime. The human rights are not an absolute and unalterable category. Under certain conditions the state might be forced to restrict the rights of one human being in order to protect the others and the legal state interests. Operational activities are one of the specific means for the state, human and society security, which, however restricts some rights of people. But this restriction must be legal, proportional and legitimate. The regulation of the operational activities is quite a new field of study of legal regulation. The analysis of the development of the Law of Operational Activities demonstrates that the protection of human rights increases. This might be caused by the fact that before the Independence, the operational activities were unadvertised and regulated by secret departmental standard acts. Only certain number of members of the society could have been introduced to it.Accordingly, the Law of Operational Activities is one of the basic supports of human rights. The development of the Law of Operational Activities is conditioned by the protection the human rights and the need to find a balance between it and the state interests. During the development of the legal regulation, some parts of the Law were changed in order to fulfil the main principles of a legal state, the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and Conventions, as well as the doctrine of the Human rights provided in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights. At the same time the development of the Law of Operational Activities provide that from the human rights, social and state interest protection, the field of operational activities as an alternative instrument is due to explicate to reacting to the change of crime, the development of society and country, the appearance of new threats and other factors. [From the publication]