Globalizacija ir leksikos pokyčiai politiniame diskurse

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjami ryškesni politiniame diskurse vartojamos leksikos pokyčiai, aptariami svarbesni šiuos pokyčius lemiantys ekstralingvistiniai ir interlingvistiniai veiksniai. Analizuojamas anglų kalbos, kaip vieno iš svarbiausių globalizacijos veiksnių, poveikis leksikos, ypač skolinių, vartosenos tendencijoms politiniame diskurse. Tirta apskritai politiniame diskurse vartojama lietuvių ir svetimų kalbų leksika. Nagrinėjami skoliniai, sudarantys nevienalytį leksikos sluoksnį. Vieni iš jų yra svetimybės, paprastai iš anglų kalbos ir turinčios lietuviškų atitikmenų, kiti – tarptautiniai žodžiai. Politiniame diskurse vartojama leksika vertinama ir lietuvių kalbos normų atžvilgiu. Pagrindinis leksikos faktų šaltinis – politikų, politikos apžvalgininkų, politologų, diplomatų, ambasadorių ir kt. sakytinė kalba viešojoje vartosenoje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Determinologizavimas; Determinologizavimas, eufemizmas; Ekstralingvistiniai veiksniai; Eufemizmas; Globalizacija; Interlingvistiniai veiksniai; Kalbos kultūra; Politinis diskursas; Svetimų kalbų leksika; Determinologisation; Determinologized; Euphemism; Extralinguistic factors; Globalization; Interlinguistic factors; Language kulture; Lexical borrowings; Lithuanian; Political discourse.

ENThis article addresses more evident cases of lexical change in political discourse and discusses the key extralinguistic and interlinguistic factors that determine these changes. The author analyzes the English language as one of the main agents of globalisation and its impact on lexis, focusing on tendencies of political discourse terminology borrowed from English. Lexis generally used in political discourse was the object of study. The author analyzed borrowed terminology that constitutes a heterogeneous lexical layer. It includes loanwords, typically adapted from the English language, which have an equivalent in the Lithuanian language, and other words, which are considered international. Lexis utilized in political discourse is analyzed from the point of view of norms applied to the Lithuanian language. The main source of lexical facts are the verbal language of politicians, political analysts, political scientists, diplomats and ambassadors among others, namely public statements like those on national radio or television, political discussions, commentaries, talk shows with politicians, Lithuanian Seimas plenary sessions, conferences and the like. An analysis of lexical facts in political discourse revealed the following major changes: globalisation and other extralinguistic and interlinguistic factors determine increasing use of loanwords; the English language – one of the cornerstone factors of globalisation – influences lexis seen in political discourse; there is an increasing use of English words that have an equivalent in the Lithuanian language; internationalisms springing from the English language are becoming more commonplace; internationalisms are attributed new meanings, based on their English definition and, finally, there is an increasing use of so-called loan translations from the English language.The analysis showed that some international terms that feature in political discourse become determinologized, i.e. end up being used in a figurative sense only. This holds especially true for terminology used figuratively in medical, biology, economics, finances etc. [From the publication]