Nusikalstamumo "metafizika" Alfonso Nykos-Niliūno dienoraščiuose

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas; Biblijos tradicija; Dienoraščiai; Fenomenologija; Kaltė; Krikščionybė; Literatūra; Nuodėmė; Teologija; Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas; Biblical tradition; Christianity; Diaries; Diary; Guilt; Lithuanian literature; Phenomenology; Sin; Theology.

ENIn the present article the self-consciousness of guilt in Nyka-Niliūnas' diaries has been analyzed. The inevitability of existential guilt is perceived from the viewpoint of Christian and biblical tradition, which experienced alienation. The subjectivity and experience of guilt (culpability) revealing in Nyka-Niliūnas' diaries are perceived as its metaphysical characteristics. To understand the self-consciousness of guilt the situation of oblivion reflected by Ricoeur is very important. Feelings of guilt in the diaries reveal authentic experience of space and other. In this experience the signs of forgotten or lost relation of Christianity such as repentance, conversion, conversation with God, etc. are especially important. In discovery of faith and guilt occurring through alienation, mother and experience of things play an exceptional role. Betrayal is expressed as one of the most distinct images of guilt in Nyka-Niliūnas' diaries, as one of the most intense poetical experiences. Dialectics of betrayal and responsibility (blood contract and other motives or situations) in the space of memory shows itself in relations of the covenant between God and man, Cain's and other symbolic relations.The intensity of betrayal is revealed both as an overpowering obstacle and as the assumption of metaphysical relation. Betrayal as the basis of life gains the features of alienation, reflected by Tillich. Responsibility and appeal representing it reveal themselves as inconceivable perfection, the possibilities of which nevertheless give a sense to the metaphysical relation of guilt. The experience of self-consciousness of guilt and individual responsibility are shown in diaries as much more intense experiences than what is called "absurdity of collective guilt". Although being in remote semantic horizons, exilic experience in Nyka-Niliūnas' diaries and the situation of biblical prophets symbolically become close by encountering guilt on the way of exodus, when the question of choice is intensely lived and the promised land is expected. [text from author]